Ch. 27.4 British Imperialism in India Objective: Explain how British colonialism impacted India’s development.

The Mughal Dynasty 1400’s : Mongol Warriors invaded India (They were Muslims) They called themselves “Mughals” They established a powerful empire including India. : The Taj Mahal in Agra: Monument to Love

The Mughal Dynasty Collapses 1600’s: Britain began setting up trade posts in several Indian cities 1700’s : Rule by the Mughal Dynasty was collapsing. Small states led by rulers called “maharajahs” began to break away.

The British East India Company Regulated trade with British Colonies from London. The B.E.I. had its own army of Indian soldiers called sepoys. Several battles were fought between Sepoys and Mughal soldiers. 1757 Battle of Plassey=B.E.I. won control of India

India: The Jewel in the Crown The most valuable of British Colonies! The Industrial Revolution turned Britain into the “world’s workshop” India was a huge potential market for British made goods.

Effects of Colonialism NEGATIVE POSITIVE India had to buy British Goods Modernized India Britain had all economic/political power Literacy Increased Racism and sense of resentment Built dams, schools, railroads India had to grow “cash crops”=famine

Britain Outlawed Competition India produced the raw materials for British factories. India could only buy British made goods. Indian competition with British goods was prohibited Local Mfg. was dead.

The Impact of Colonialism Railroads made India economically valuable. At first, colonization benefited India: Helped India to Modernize. British built dams, schools, communications. Literacy increased.

Impact of Colonization Britain kept political and economic power in India. India was forced to grow “cash crops” - Cotton, tea, indigo Cash crops replaced food crops. Food shortages led to famine in India.

The Opium for Tea Connection Britain imported opium from India. Opium was sold to China and exchanged for tea to sell in England Thousands of Chinese became opium addicts.

Indians Rebel Against British People had strong feelings of resentment. This fueled a sense of nationalism in Indians. Indians felt constant racism by military personnel. Increasing number of Missionaries: An attempt to Christianize Indians?

The Sepoy Mutiny A widespread and violent uprising by Sepoy soldiers. British put down the revolt - it did not unite Indian people. Hindus preferred British rule to Muslim rule.

Sikhs Stayed Loyal to the British This religious sect of Hindus were also opposed to the Mughals. Sikhs wearing turbans and beards became an important part of Britain’s army.

Results of Sepoy Mutiny: Direct Control by Britain A 200 year period of rule known as ‘The Raj.” India was divided into provinces. British governors called viceroys ruled India.

Mutiny Fueled Racist Attitudes Distrust between British and Indians increased. Indians were treated as second class citizens. The British would never accept Indians as their “equals.” Lord Kitchener

The Indian Nationalist Movement Indians now demanded a greater role in government Some pressed for the need for modernization. Movement away from traditional practices such as “suttee.”

Ram Mohun Roy Considered as the Father of Modern India. Called for an end to the caste system and traditions which kept India rooted in the past. He inspired adopting “western ways.”

Nationalist Movement Forms The Indian National Congress and the Muslim League formed. They began calling for self - government in India. Problems soon emerged between these groups.

Nationalist Feelings Begin Indians were kept from holding top posts in government. British workers were paid 20 times that of educated Indians with the same job. The stage was set for action!