Lesson 4: What were concentric castles? Knowledge: To define the term concentric Understanding: To examine how concentric models defended towns Skill: To make archaeological sketches of castle ruins Last Lesson Why were stone castles better? Last Week What was a curtain wall? Last Term At the Battle of Stamford bridge it was the Vikings that won. True or fasle?

1. How were the walls built? They were built in...layers. 2.Make a simple diagram of the walls. 3.Why were they so successful? Defenders were able to…. From 11 min

In the early 1200 it was almost impossible for attackers to take over a castle. The castle walls were so thick and well defended it would take forever to break them. However attackers soon came up with new ideas. It was discovered the square corners of the towers and keep were weak and could be undermined. Attackers dug tunnels beneath them and they collapsed. Trebuchets could also throw huge stones and batter the walls. These new threats lead to the development of the concentric castle. The idea of the concentric castle was brought from the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium). These new castles had several layers of walls and were defended by water. The towers were round so it was very difficult to undermine them. EASY What is a concentric castle? A concentric castle has... MEDIUM How was the idea of a concentric castle developed? Concentric castles were invented because…. CHALLENGING Why were concentric castles better? Give two reasons

Task: Label the castle diagram with the parts you already know. You must include: Towers Battlement Keep Gatehouse Bailey Motte CHALLENGE How is this castle different from earlier stone keeps? How many towers are there? How many layers of walls? How are the towers and walls arranged? There are ….towers. There are ….layers of walls. The walls are built one … the …. The towers are arranged….

Task: Using this photograph create a sketch from above of the castle. Identify and label: The towers Battlements Keep Bayley Gatehouse CHALLENGE Why do you think the inner walls and towers are in a better condition? Archaeologists have to analyse ruins and buildings to find out about the past. They make simplified sketches of the ruins and try to piece together what the building looked like

Keep Battlement Tower Gatehouse Baylie