Short Trip Analysis for random cycle development WLTP EU database Short Trip Analysis for random cycle development By Heinz Steven 20.06.2011 1

Database and Approach The EU part of the WLTP database was analysed with respect to percentiles of short trip parameter. The following parameter were chosen: a_max, a_pos_ave, v*a_pos_ave, RPA The analysis was done for the following 3 speed classes separately: Low, v_max <= 60 km/h, Medium, 60 km/h < v_max <= 100 km/h, High, v_max > 100 km/h. 2

a_max versus v_ave, whole DB Figure 1 3

a_max versus v_ave, low Figure 2 4

a_max versus v_ave, medium Figure 3 5

a_max versus v_ave, high Figure 4 6

a_pos_ave versus v_ave, whole DB Figure 5 7

a_pos_ave versus v_ave, low Figure 6 8

a_pos_ave versus v_ave, medium Figure 7 9

a_pos_ave versus v_ave, high Figure 8 10

v*a_pos_ave versus v_ave, whole DB Figure 9 11

v*a_pos_ave versus v_ave, low Figure 10 12

v*a_pos_ave versus v_ave, medium Figure 11 13

v*a_pos_ave versus v_ave, high Figure 12 14

RPA versus v_ave, whole DB Figure 13 15

RPA versus v_ave, low Figure 14 16

RPA versus v_ave, medium Figure 15 17

RPA versus v_ave, high Figure 16 18

Comparison of parameter pairs The following figures show comparisons of parameter pairs, like v*a_pos_ave versus RPA 19

v*a_pos_ave versus RPA, low Figure 17 20

v*a_pos_ave versus RPA, medium Figure 18 21

v*a_pos_ave versus RPA, high Figure 19 22

a_pos_ave versus RPA Figure 20 23

a_max versus RPA Figure 21 24

a_max versus a_pos_ave Figure 22 25

Key parameter of the 3 speed classes Table 1 26

Key parameter of the 3 speed classes The random cycle should be composed by 3 phases representing the 3 speed classes and having a duration of 300 s +/- 30 s This results in 1 short trip for the medium and high speed phases and about 5 short trips for the low speed phase. Figure 23 shows the duration distributions of short trips (ST) for the low speed class for different percentiles of the involved parameters. The 95% percentiles result in shorter ST than the average of the whole database; the 05% percentiles result in significantly longer ST than the average of the whole database. 27

Short trip duration distribution for low Figure 23 28

Key parameter of the 3 percentile classes The key parameters for the different percentile classes (x_95, x_50 and x_05) are shown in the following table. The stop percentages decrease from high dynamics (x_95) to low dynamics (x_05), the average ST duration and v_ave increase for the low and medium speed classes. 29

Key parameter of the 3 percentile classes Table 2 30

Cycle construction parameter for the 3 percentile classes The average ST durations for the low and medium speed classes and the different percentile classes are as follows: Low speed class: 28 s for x_95, resulting in 9 ST, 79 s for x_50, resulting in 3 to 4 ST, 137 s for x_05, resulting in 2 ST. Medium speed class: 79 s for x_95, resulting in 3 to 4 ST, > 230 s for x_50 and x_05, resulting in 1 ST The stop phases were set to 5 s for the above calculation. 31

Limitations for Random Cycles Table 3 32

Thank you for your attention! End Thank you for your attention! 33