Integrated livestock feed interventions Ben Lukuyu1, Leonard Marwa1, Chrispinus Rubanza2, Anthony Kimaro3, Christopher Mutungi4 1International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 2Dodoma University, 3World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), 4International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Africa RISING ESA Project review and planning meeting 11 – 12 September 2019, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Rationale Planting of improved planted forages, fodder trees and shrubs, grasses, in the landscapes may have beneficial effects to provide feed and on reducing nutrient losses and water pollution Crop residues, such as dry or green maize stover and bean haulms, are commonly fed to livestock but are also of low quality and they are poorly used by farmers

An Integrated Livestock Production System (ILPS) How can we optimize feeds, forages and improved chicken nutrition and genetics for improved livestock and whole farm productivity, and for enhancing livelihood of rural households? Innovation: Improved chickens genetics (UDOM) Improved chicken feeds and housing Improved forages for feeds and land management Better use of crop residues

Integrated Livestock Production System (ILPS)

FORAGES: What have we have addressed? Inventory of feed & forage resources, feeding practices, perceptions of farmers Participatory screening of potential forages in the target areas with farmers Assessment of fodder quality and farmers’ preferences. A cost-benefit analysis to identify the most promising forages Forages as land management strategy

Yield and quality of improved forages

SIAF: Forages as livestock feed and land management strategy

Improved planted forages

Proposed research to fill the gaps in the integrated livestock production package A survey study to asses drivers of adoption of improved forages of different farm typologies and farmers criteria for targeting forages to different niches of farms. An analysis of different uses of fodder – as livestock feed, for soil fertility improvement (mulching, composting), fencing or for sale – on some selected farms with a SIAF lens

BETTER USE OF CROP RESIDUES: What have we addressed? Took inventory of types and use crop residues in all production systems Quantified stover yield on farm (ISM). Conducted a participatory evaluation of techniques to improve the utilization of crop residues by farm households Introduced and evaluated feed chopping technology with farmers

Crop residues in view of the sustainable intensification domains

SIAF: Improved crop residue use on farms

Proposed research to fill the gaps in the integrated livestock production package Expand the analysis study for forages to include crop residues. Evaluate how farmers collect, manage and use crop residues feed/manure? Link to manure management Scale improved feed troughs (fixed and mobile) that have successfully been tested in Ethiopia. Possibility of looking at improved water toughs as well.

Improved chickens: housing, feed and management Poultry provides a pathway out of poverty for most smallholder farmers in Tanzania Improved chickens genetics (UDOM) Improved chicken feeds and housing (ILRI)

Poultry innovations Improved feed rations, using vegetable wastes, waste grains and cereal by-products as feed components Improved poultry housing and brooder

Mortality rates on farms The influence of formulated feeds on mortality rate of local chicks during the first 4-weeks after their delivery to farmers

SIAF: Chicken housing & nutrition

SIAF: Chicken breeding

Chicken production (housing and nutrition)

Proposed research to fill the gaps in the integrated livestock production package Scale the improved housing and brooder but focusing on the social, economic and human domains. What are the drivers of adoption? What is making farmers modify the design? e.g. gender issues, economics and benefits of the technology etc.

Thank You