Infant skin and oral mycobiomes by birth mode.

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Infant skin and oral mycobiomes by birth mode. Infant skin and oral mycobiomes by birth mode. (a) Principal-coordinate analysis of weighted UniFrac distances of infant skin mycobiomes colored by birth mode (vaginal = blue, n = 30 samples; caesarean section = green, n = 28 samples). PERMANOVA values, R2 values, and P values are shown. (b and d) Weighted UniFrac distances of infant (b) skin and (d) oral mycobiomes from the mother’s vaginal mycobiome by birth mode (paired analysis), as assessed by a Wilcoxon rank sum test (n = 7 vaginal birth families and 9 caesarean section birth families across all time points). (c and e) Relative abundances of (c) Candida albicans in infant skin on day 30 according to birth mode and (e) C. orthopsilosis in the oral cavity across all time points, as assessed with a Wilcoxon rank sum test (false discovery rate corrected; n = 5 vaginally born infants, n = 6 caesarean section-born infants). Tonya L. Ward et al. mSystems 2018; doi:10.1128/mSystems.00140-17