Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING (CSC134) Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS

Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship between data and information. Describe the five components of a computer. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of computers in each category Describe the uses of computer in society. Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet. Discuss your future, careers and opportunities in information technology.

A World of Computers Computers are everywhere : at work, at school, and at home

Today’s Technology Because technology changes, you must keep up with the changes to remain digitally literate Computer literacy, or Digital literacy involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile devices, the web, and related technologies

Learning Objective #1 After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship between data and information. Describe the five components of a computer. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of computers in each category Describe the uses of computer in society. Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet. Discuss your future, careers and opportunities in information technology.

Produces information (output) What is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process the data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the results for future use. Information processing cycle is the series of input, process, output, and storage activities. Produces information (output) Processing Collects data (input)

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 What is a Computer? Computers process data into information. Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video. Information conveys meaning and is useful to people. Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 What is a Computer? Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Learning Objective #2 After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship between data and information. Describe the five components of a computer. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of computers in each category Describe the uses of computer in society. Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet. Discuss your future, careers and opportunities in information technology.

The Components of a Computer Hardware Software Computer

The Components of a Computer A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer Input Device Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people Output Device Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data System Unit Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media Storage Device Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices Communications Device

The Components of a Computer

Computer Software Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them System Software Operating system Utility program Application Software General-purposed Specialized Apps

Computer Software Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Speed Reliability Consistency Storage Communications Health Risks Violation of Privacy Public Safety Impact on Labor Force Impact on Environment

Advantages of Using Computers Speed data, instructions, and information flow along electronic circuits in a computer at incredibly fast speeds. Reliability dependable and reliable because they rarely break or fail. Consistency produce the same results — consistently, generate error-free results Storage store enormous amounts of data and make this data available for processing anytime it is needed. Communications computers can communicate with other computers, often wirelessly, and allow users to communicate with one another.

Disadvantages of Using Computers Violation of Privacy not protected properly, individuals have found their privacy violated and identities stolen. Public Safety computer users have fallen victim to crimes committed by dangerous strangers. Impact on Labor Force created an entire industry with hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the skills of millions of employees have been replaced by computers. Health Risks prolonged or improper computer use can lead to health injuries or disorders - computer addiction and technology overload. Impact on Environment computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are depleting natural resources and polluting the environment.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer Strategies include: Recycling Regulating manufacturing processes Extending the life of computers Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers

Networks and the Internet A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media

Networks and the Internet The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

Networks and the Internet People use the Internet for a variety of reasons: Communicate Research and Access Information Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application

Networks and the Internet A social networking Web site encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Learning Objective #3 After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship between data and information. Describe the five components of a computer. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of computers in each category Describe the uses of computer in society. Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet. Discuss your future, careers and opportunities in information technology.

Types of Computer Supercomputers Mainframe computers Midrange computers Personal computers

Mobile Computers & Mobile Devices Types of Computers Computer Types Supercomputers Mainframe Computers Midrange Computers Personal Computers Mobile Computers & Mobile Devices Game Consoles Embedded Computers

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 Supercomputers A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second Page 25 Figure 1-27 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 Mainframe Computers A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously occupy specially wired, air-conditioned rooms and capable of great processing speeds and data storage Page 25 Figure 1-26 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Midrange Computers A midrange computers or servers are computers with processing capabilities less powerful than a mainframe computer yet more powerful than a personal computer. controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information

Personal Computers A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself. There are five types of personal computers: desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and wearables.

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Personal computer you can carry from place to place Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs Mobile Computer Computing device small enough to hold in your hand Examples include smart phones and PDAs, e-book readers, handheld computers, portable media players, and digital cameras Mobile Device

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Notebook computer Tablet PC Smart phones and PDAs E-book reader

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Handheld computer Portable media player Digital camera Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Game Consoles A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games

Embedded Computers An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product. Consumer Electronics Home Automation Devices Automobiles Process Controllers and Robotics Computer Devices and Office Machines Mobile and digital telephones Digital televisions Cameras Video recorders DVD players and recorders Answering machines Thermostats Sprinkling systems Security monitoring systems Appliances Lights Antilock brakes Engine control modules Airbag controller Cruise control Remote monitoring systems Power monitors Machine controllers Medical devices Keyboards Printers Faxes Copiers

Embedded Computers

Types of Computers

Learning Objective #4 After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship between data and information. Describe the five components of a computer. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of computers in each category Describe the uses of computer in society. Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet. Discuss your future, careers and opportunities in information technology.

Examples of Computer Usage Home User Personal financial management Web access Communications Entertainment Small Office/Home Office User Look up information Send and receive e-mail messages Make telephone calls Mobile User Connect to other computers on a network or the Internet Transfer information Play video games Listen to music Watch movies

Examples of Computer Usage Power User Work with multimedia Use industry-specific software Enterprise User Communicate among employees Process high volumes of transactions Blog

Computer Applications in Society Education Finance Government Health Care

Computer Applications in Society Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing

Learning Objective #5 After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship between data and information. Describe the five components of a computer. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of computers in each category Describe the uses of computer in society. Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet. Discuss your future, careers and opportunities in information technology.

Elements of an Information System Hardware includes keyboard, mouse, display, system unit, tablets, smartphones, and other devices. Software provides step-by step instructions for computer hardware. Data consists of unprocessed facts including text, numbers, images, and sounds. People are end users who use computers to make themselves more productive Procedures specify rules or guidelines for computer operations. Internet allows computers to connect to people and other computers.

Elements of an Information System

Learning Objective #6 After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship between data and information. Describe the five components of a computer. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of computers in each category Describe the uses of computer in society. Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet. Discuss your future, careers and opportunities in information technology.

Computer Support Specialist Network Administrator Careers in IT Develops and maintains websites and web resources Webmaster Analyzes users’ needs and creates application software Software Engineer Provides technical support to customers and other users Computer Support Specialist Repairs and install computer components and systems Computer Technician Prepares instruction manuals, technical reports, and other scientific or technical documents Technical Writer Creates and maintains computer networks Network Administrator

Security, Privacy & Ethics A Look to the Future Using and Understanding Information Technology Internet & Web browse the Web, communicate with others, locate Information, etc. Powerful Software create professional looking documents, analyze massive amounts of data, create dynamic multimedia pages, and more. Internet & Web - browse the Web, communicate with others, locate Information, etc. Powerful Software - create professional looking documents, analyze massive amounts of data, create dynamic multimedia pages, and more. Powerful Hardware – more powerful & robust, new technologies such as wireless networks & their impact to connect, equipment can be dynamic vs. essential features of devices remain unchanged Security, Privacy & Ethics – need to be careful of the negative potential effect. Organizations – rely on quality and flexibility to stay competitive Changing Times – fast paced era and rapid change Powerful Hardware more powerful & robust, new technologies such as wireless networks & their impact to connect, equipment can be dynamic vs. essential features of devices remain unchanged Security, Privacy & Ethics need to be careful of the negative potential effect. Organizations rely on quality and flexibility to stay competitive Changing Times fast paced era and rapid change

Chapter Summary Basic computer concepts Components of computers Types of computers Uses of technology applications in society Elements of information system Career, opportunities, and future in IT.

References Shelly, Gary B. and Misty E. Vermaat, Discovering Computers - Fundamentals 2012: Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World, Course Technology, Cengage Learning, 2012 O’Leary, Timothy and Linda O’Leary, Computing Essentials 2014 – Complete Edition, McGraw Hill, 2013