PALEO CLIMATE Eko Haryono

Milancovic Cycle

Past and future Milankovitch cycles Past and future Milankovitch cycles. VSOP allows prediction of past and future orbital parameters with great accuracy. ε is obliquity (axial tilt). e is eccentricity. ϖ is longitude of perihelion. esin(ϖ) is the precession index, which together with obliquity, controls the seasonal cycle of insolation. is the calculated daily-averaged insolation at the top of the atmosphere, on the day of the summer solstice at 65 N latitude

The last Glacial Extreme

Milankovitch theory describes the collective effects of changes in the Earth's movements upon its climate, named after Serbian civil engineer and mathematician Milutin Milanković, who worked on it during First World War internment. Milanković mathematically theorized that variations in eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession of the Earth's orbit determined climatic patterns on Earth through orbital forcing.

SOLAR CYCLE The solar cycle, or the solar magnetic activity cycle, is a periodic change in the amount of irradiation from the Sun that is experienced on Earth. It has a period of about 11 years, and is one component of solar variation, the other being aperiodic fluctuations.

Oort minimum (see Medieval Warm Period) 1040 1080 Medieval maximum (see Medieval Warm Period) 1100 1250 Wolf minimum 1280 1350 Spörer Minimum 1450 1550 Maunder Minimum 1645 1715 Dalton Minimum 1790 1820 Modern Maximum 1900 present

Oort minimum (see Medieval Warm Period) 1040 1080 Solar activity events and approximate dates Event Start End Oort minimum [2] 1010 1050 Oort minimum (see Medieval Warm Period) 1040 1080 Medieval maximum (see Medieval Warm Period) 1100 1250 Wolf minimum 1280 1350 Spörer Minimum 1460 1550 Maunder Minimum 1645 1715 Dalton Minimum 1790 1820 Modern Maximum 1950 ongoing Little Ice Age [3][4][5][6] 1850

Dalton Minimum The Dalton Minimum was a period of low solar activity, named after the English meteorologist John Dalton, lasting from about 1790 to 1830. the Dalton Minimum coincided with a period of lower-than-average global temperatures. The Oberlach Station in Germany, for example, experienced a 2.0°C decline over 20 years.[2] The precise cause of the lower-than-average temperatures during this period is not well understood. Recent papers have suggested that a rise in volcanism was largely responsible for the cooling trend.[3] While The Year Without a Summer, in 1816

Maunder Minimum The Maunder Minimum (also known as the prolonged sunspot minimum) is the name used for the period roughly spanning 1645 to 1715 when sunspots became exceedingly rare, as noted by solar observers of the time (John A. Eddy) Edward W. Maunder (1851–1928), Astronomer

The Sporer The Spörer Minimum was a 90-year span of low solar activity, from about 1460 until 1550, which was identified and named by John A. Eddy

Medieval Warm Period (MWP) The Medieval Warm Period (MWP), Medieval Climate Optimum, or Medieval Climatic Anomaly was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region, that may also have been related to other climate events around the world during that time, including in China,[1] New Zealand,[2] and other countries

Litle Ice Age

The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a period of cooling that occurred after the Medieval Warm Period (Medieval Climate Optimum).[1] While not a true ice age, the term was introduced into scientific literature by François E. Matthes in 1939.[2] It is conventionally defined as a period extending from the 16th to the 19th centuries. NASA defines the term as a cold period between 1550 AD and 1850 AD and notes three particularly cold intervals: one beginning about 1650, another about 1770, and the last in 1850, each separated by intervals of slight warming The "Little Ice Age" can only be considered as a modest cooling of the Northern Hemisphere during this period of less than 1°C relative to late 20th century levels.[7]