CLASS 3 – 19/08/19 PROF. DR. DANIEL FERRAZ DISCOURSE STUDIES INTRO – ANGERMULLER ET AL DISCOURSE STUDIES INTRO – JAMES PAUL GEE DISCOURSE STUDIES

CLASS 3 - OUTLINE PART 1 – WHAT IS DISCOURSE? 20’ PART 2 – INTRO – DISCOURSE STUDIES – ANGERMULLER ET AL 20’ PART 3 – INTRO – DISCOURSE STUDIES – JAMES PAUL GEE (IF TIME)20’

CLASS 2...RECAP WHAT WE DID... PERSPECTIVES ON LANGUAGE (LÍNGUA E LINGUAGEM); MODERNITY, POST MODERNITY, STRUCTURALISM AND POST-STRUCTURALISM REVIEW HOW DO THESE VIEWS INFLUENCE AND DETERMINE OUR VIEWS ON DISCOURSE, EDUCATION AND SOCIETY? IN ORDER TO DO THIS: JIGSAW READING with FERRAZ TEXT

DYNAMICS – SHAKE HANDS...

Brief comments???

DISCOURSE: INTRODUCTION + DEFINITIONS TEXTO-FONTE: GUIMARÃES, Elisa. Texto, discurso e ensino.São Paulo: Contexto, 2009, p. 87-123.

“TRADITIONAL” PERSPECTIVE

Definition of Discourse It is seen under many perspectives: 1) discourse = mediates language and “parole”. Discurvise levels: Empty forms (subject/deixis); Full forms (modalizers). ... Is a set of principles, types, structures in constant transformation and inter- definition fomented by discursive practices. Linguistic system Discursive aspects

The discourse is the “unit” that integrates two orientations : 01 a) Emphasis on the abstract language system; 02 b) Emphasis on LANGUAGE in USE. 03 It can be conceived under two modalities 04

The DYNAMICS of Dicourse AGENTS LOCATOR AGENT OF DISCOURSE ALLOCATOR “RECEIVER”OF DISCOURSE DIALOGIC SPACE SOCIAL DISCOURSE

DISCOURSE marks Protagonists Communicative situation Explicit purposes of the discourse Discursive events Collective memory = which is able to recognize/perceive it dialogical relations (poliphony, intertexts, co-texts, interdiscourses). DISCOURSE marks

SE E O TEXTO O DISCURSO FUNCIONAMENTO DO DISCURSO MANIFESTA-SE LINGUISTICAMENTE POR MEIO DOS TEXTOS; MATERIALIZA-SE NOS TEXTOS E O TEXTO É O PROCESSO/PRODUTO PELO QUAL SE DÁ A INTERAÇÃO SE OS FATOS DA LINGUAGEM TÊM CARÁTER SOCIAL FUNCIONAMENTO DO DISCURSO

Discourse is interaction = communicative event; which produces MEANING EFFECTS (efeitos de sentido) within social functioning. Discourse = “point” of articulation between linguistic phenomenae and ideological processes. This interaction view = activity of interaction between subjects who co-construct it (both locutor e alocutário) This subjects are SITUATED historically.

EXAMPLES: as verbal production in... Sciences; Literary aesthetics; Means of communication; Government; Political positionings; Religious institutions; (from) members of a social class; A specific historical time. EXAMPLES: as verbal production in...

FOUCAULT = discursive formations 2. A set of utterances/ enunciations – produced by subject positions within social structure In this sense, discourse is always HISTORICAL provided that it reveals meanings of certain social groups within specific time in history (social, historical, and ideological perspective on discourse) FOUCAULT = discursive formations

LÍNGUA E LINGUAGEM LANGUAGE Language is the materiality of DISCOURSE = language in TEXTs. Language = social phenomenon of verbal interaction, produced by means of enunciations. Language = constituted of and by subjects and pressupposes historical / social conditions. LÍNGUA E LINGUAGEM LANGUAGE

LANGUAGE = activity, inter-subjetive action. LANGUAGE = interaction - whose members of a Society act upon each other, by establishing social “contracts”. The linguistic message (TEXT) needs to consider the sociocultural characteristics/background of the allocators and the context of communication.

PART 2 – INTRODUCTION ON DISCOURSE STUDIES DISCOURSE STUDIES READER (ANGERMULLER AT AL)

It is not possible to trace the field of Discourse Studies back to one founder, school or field. EUROPEAN + NORTH AMERICAN THEORIES (linguistics, sociology, philosophy, literary criticism, anthropology, history…) DISCOURSE STUDIES

HISTORY... DS Began in the 60s >>> mainly as DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (DA) 70s >> nowadays (other schools) Peucheux>>> discourse as ideology Foucault >> discursive formations Charadeau>>>discourse + media studies

DIVERSITY OF SCHOOLS AND PERSPECTIVES United States, anthropology, sociolinguistics and sociology, In France, with a background in Marxism and psychoanalysis

DIVERSITY: The various types of data, corpora and/or genres Discourse analysts can work with extensive corpora in order to reveal the meaning structures and communication patterns of large discursive communities. ‘Texts’ do not always designate written data; they can comprise written, oral or non-verbal data.

Discourse >>> pragmatic, linguistic >>micro Discourse>>>socio-historical>>macro

DA>>DISCURSIVE PRACTICES, RULES, MECHANISMS DS>>DISCURSIVE PRACTICES DA>>RULES, MECHANISMS

DOMAINS...

LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY SOCIAL AND POLITICAL

DISCOURSE>>>POLYMORPHOUS

DS...

DA...

PART 3 – DISCOURSE STUDIES – JAMES PAUL GEE

LANGUAGES (AND LEARNING LANGUAGES) ...FOR COMMUNICATION, YES, BUT ...FOR INTERACTION ...CULTURAL ASPECTS ...SOCIAL ...POWER ...IDENTITIES. JAMES PAUL GEE

GRAMMATICAL-LINGUISTIC-STRUCTURALIST PERSPECTIVES DEFINES... WHAT IS NORMAL OR NOT HOW THINGS ARE OR NOT WHAT IS POSSIBLE OR NOT WHAT IS CORRECT OR NOT (GRANTS... SAFE ZONE OF ACTION) (reinforces DESIRE TO STAY ON THE RIGHT SIDE)

BIG D Discourse x little d discourse

BIG D DISCOURSE>>> OFFICIAL , HEGEMONIC, HISTORIAL, INSTITUTIONS (CHURCH, RELIGION, POLITICS, STATE POLITICS, SCIENCE, MASS-SOCIAL MEDIA, EDUCATION) Little d discourse>>> LOCAL, NON-HEGEMONIC, FIGHTS HEGEMONY, COUNTERCULTURE, LOCAL INSTITUTIONS (LOCAL RELIGIONS, NON RELIGION, LOCAL POLITICS, NGOS, ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION

IMPORTANT NOTIONS TO BE STUDIED... LANGUAGE – LÍNGUA E LINGUAGEM... (last class) FUTURE CLASSES: DISCOURSE STUDIES X DISCOURSE ANALYSIS DISCOURSE (MANY PERSPECTIVES)- MOREOVER – WHICH ONES DO YOU RELATE TO?? DISCURSIVE FORMATIONS IDENTITIES X SUBJECTIVITIES “MORE” STRUCTURALIST VIEWS ON D “MORE” SOCIAL-CRITICAL VIEWS ON D IMPORTANT NOTIONS TO BE STUDIED...

Final comments??

danielferrazusp@gmail.com www.ACADEMIA.EDU/Daniel Ferraz End notes

NEXT CLASS 4 – PLEEEEEEEEASE READ FAIRCLOUGH!!!!!!! Themes: What is discourse? (III) – Fairclough   Text 3 - Discourse and social change (FAIRCLOUGH, 1992). Chapter 3: A social theory of Discourse Complementary texts: Ferdinand de Saussure: The value of the sign (The Discourse Studies Reader). ANGERMULLER, J.; MAINGUENEAU, D.; WODAK, R, 2003).

THANK YOU!!!