History of the English Language Lesson 3

Review Where did English begin? England When did English begin? 400 AD

Review Who are some of the groups who influenced our language during the Old English Layer? Celts, Anglo-Saxons, and Vikings What specific people influenced our language during the Old English Layer? St. Augustine and Alfred the Great

Modern English Language Layers Anglo-Saxon 20-25% French/Latin (Romance) 60% Greek 10-12% (Other 3-4%)

Modern English Language Layers Anglo-Saxon 20-25% French/Latin (Romance) 60% Greek 10-12% (Other 3-4%) Old English 400-1100 AD 400 AD - Celts 450 AD - Anglo-Saxon 597 AD - St. Augustine 787 AD - Vikings 878 AD - Alfred the Great Words Days of the week - Tuesday Numbers - 1-1000 Colors - red, blue Family - mother, father Animals - deer, sheep Religion - deacon, angel one syllable (short words)

988 AD - Edward the Confessor Edward the Confessor, a very religious man, became king of England. He had no children, so when he died in 1066 AD, he left no one to inherit his kingdom.

1066 AD - The Battle of Hastings (Norman Invasion) Normans from France won The Battle of Hastings, conquering the Anglo-Saxons. This established William the Conqueror as the King of England. William the Conqueror was a French king so he established French as the language of choice. The French language impacted English, adding many new words concerning religion, courtly matters, the military, and the government.

1300-1500 AD - The Renaissance The Renaissance was a time when many exciting new ideas and discoveries came about in science, art, and medicine. The British began to explore the world and look for ways to expand their power. The new quest for knowledge led to the addition of many Latin and Greek words to English.

1349-1350 - Black Death A plague called Black Death killed ⅓ of the population of England. The lower class English speaking people began to take more positions of power.

1400’s - The Great Vowel Shift The Great Vowel Shift changed the way the English language sounded. In Old English, time sounded liked team, see sounded like say, fame sounded like farm. Let me hear! Writers created words with prefixes, suffixes and made more compound words: uncomfortable, laughable.

1476 William Caxton introduced the printing press to England.

1623 - William Shakespeare William Shakespeare wrote plays that were published nine years after his death. Shakespeare created more than 30,000 words for our language.

Modern English Language Layers Anglo-Saxon 20-25% French/Latin (Romance) 60% Greek 10-12% (Other 3-4%) Old English 400-1100 AD 400 AD - Celts 450 AD - Anglo-Saxon 597 AD - St. Augustine 787 AD - Vikings 878 AD - Alfred the Great Words Days of the week - Tuesday Numbers - 1-1000 Colors - red, blue Family - mother, father Animals - deer, sheep Religion - deacon, angel one syllable (short words) Middle English

Modern English Language Layers Anglo-Saxon 20-25% French/Latin (Romance) 60% Greek 10-12% (Other 3-4%) Old English 400-1100 AD 400 AD - Celts 450 AD - Anglo-Saxon 597 AD - St. Augustine 787 AD - Vikings 878 AD - Alfred the Great Words Days of the week - Tuesday Numbers - 1-1000 Colors - red, blue Family - mother, father Animals - deer, sheep Religion - deacon, angel one syllable (short words) Middle English 1100-1600 AD 1066 AD - William the Conqueror The Battle of Hastings 1300-1500 AD - The Renaissance 1400’s - The Great Vowel Shift 1476 - The printing press 1623 - William Shakespeare Government - chancellor, liberty Religion - communion, miracle Court - judge, evidence, prison Literature - poet, grammar ti, si, & ci = (sh) - nation, special pt and ct - adapt, direct multisyllabic words (long words)

Review What languages influenced Middle English? Latin, Greek, and French What events impacted Middle English? The Norman Conquest, the Renaissance, Black Death, the Great Vowel Shift, the printing press, William Shakespeare