Lauren Taylor – Dardanelle High School Hardware & Software Lauren Taylor – Dardanelle High School

What is the difference between hardware & software? Collection of physical parts of a computer system. Software The set of instructions that tells the computer what to do or how to perform a task.

Hardware

Types of Computer Hardware External A device that is outside of the computer case. Examples: Monitor, printer, keyboard, case, etc.… Internal A device that is installed in the computer. Examples: video card, CPU, fan, modem, motherboard, etc.…

Bits to Bytes Computers use binary coding – 1 & 0 Bit – smallest unit of measurement a computer can understand Byte – single character of data, such as a letter or number 8 bits equal 1 byte Measurement Terms Kilobyte (KB) – 1,000 bytes Megabyte (MB) – 1 million bytes Gigabyte (GB) – 1 billion bytes Terabyte (TB) – 1 trillion bytes

Types of Computer Systems Smartphone Tablet Laptop Desktop Server Wearable

Inside the System Unit Motherboard – main circuit board Central Processing Unit (CPU) – located on the motherboard, AKA the “brain” of the computer Processor – AMD and Intel are most common

Input Devices Hardware components that allow users to enter information into a computer Keyboard Pointing Device (mouse, touch screen) Scanner (Bar code reader, Optical Mark Reader) Multimedia (Microphone, Webcam)

Output Devices Any hardware component that can convey information to the user Display devices (projector, monitor) Printers (ink-jet, laser) Speakers

Storage Devices Hardware capable of holding information either temporarily or permanently. Magnetic (hard drive) Optical (CD, DVD) Flash (USB, SD) Cloud (Dropbox, Google Docs)

Communication Devices Hardware devices that make it possible for a user to communicate with another computer Modems (phone, cable, DSL) Network Interface Cards (NIC) wired or wireless

Software

Categories of Software Operating System Application (Productivity) Communication

Operating System Software Software that acts as a “go- between”, allowing computer hardware and other software to communicate with each other MS Windows Mac OS Linux Platform – OS with hardware Windows | Mac | Dual-Platform

Function of an OS User Interface – Provides icons and menus to interact with computer Utilities to configure the system – provides connections to networks, installation of software, management of resources Manage Computer Resources – control the connections between the software and hardware Secure data by controlling access – specifies authentication and authorization rights to the computer and its resources

Utility Software Type of system software that runs system checks and makes sure everything is working properly Anti-Virus Software McAfee, Norton, AVG

Application Software Programs that allow the user to perform specific tasks; also known as productivity software Word Processing, Spreadsheet, Presentation, Database, Desktop Publishing, Painting, Video/Audio

Word Processing Spreadsheet Software application that is designed to create, edit, format, print and save text-based documents, such as letters, reports, and memos Examples: Microsoft Word, Apple Pages, Google Documents Spreadsheet A software application that stores data in a grid of horizontal rows and vertical columns. The software is designed to analyze data using formulas and calculations. Examples: Microsoft Excel, Apple Numbers, Google Spreadsheet

Examples: Microsoft Access, FileMaker Pro, Oracle Presentation An application software designed to create a visual display of information; can include text, graphics, audio, and video Examples: Microsoft PowerPoint, Apple Keynote, Google Presentations, Prezi Database An application software designed to collect and organize data for easy retrieval and analysis Examples: Microsoft Access, FileMaker Pro, Oracle

Examples: Adobe InDesign, Corel Draw, Microsoft Publisher Desktop Publishing An application software that is designed to combine text and graphics to create professional print-ready publications Examples: Adobe InDesign, Corel Draw, Microsoft Publisher

Communication Software Programs that make it possible for a computer to transmit and receive information to and from other computers. Web Browsers Email

File Management

File Management One component of OS Ability to create, edit, view, print, rename, copy or delete files and folders

File Formats Every file saved on a computer will have an extension at the end of a file name known as the file format – typically three characters The extension defines how the data is stored in the file. It may also indicate which application was used to create it or what type of application is needed to open it.

File Types .docx .pptx .xlsx .txt .rtf .jpg .pdf .mp3 .wmv .wma .htm .mov .zip .exe

You can sort by file type in your folders You can also right click a file, then click properties to view the file type and other information