β-Blocker Use for the Stages of Heart Failure

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Presentation transcript:

β-Blocker Use for the Stages of Heart Failure Marc Klapholz, MD Mayo Clinic Proceedings Volume 84, Issue 8, Pages 718-729 (August 2009) DOI: 10.4065/84.8.718 Copyright © 2009 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 1 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2005 classification of heart failure (HF). ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; EF = ejection fraction; FHx CM = family history of cardiomyopathy; LV = left ventricular; LVH = LV hypertrophy; MI = myocardial infarction. From Circulation,8 with permission. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2009 84, 718-729DOI: (10.4065/84.8.718) Copyright © 2009 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 2 Progression of hypertension and other early risk factors for heart failure. CHF = congestive heart failure; LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy; MI = myocardial infarction. From Arch Intern Med,20 with permission. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2009 84, 718-729DOI: (10.4065/84.8.718) Copyright © 2009 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 3 Interrelated roles of coronary artery disease (CAD) progression, neurohormonal activation, and remodeling in the development of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. From Circulation,64 with permission. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2009 84, 718-729DOI: (10.4065/84.8.718) Copyright © 2009 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions