9.3 Growth in Plants.

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Presentation transcript:

9.3 Growth in Plants

9.3 What should I know?

“indeterminate” growth Plant tissue is derived from meristematic tissue Composed of aggregates of small cells that have the same function of stem cells in animals Upon division, one cell remains meristematic while the other differentiates Meristematic cells are “initials”, differentiated cells are “derivatives” Remember: unlike humans, plants grow throughout their lives! (Determinate vs indeterminate)

Plant Tissue: Types Dermal Tissue- outer covering that protects against physical agents and pathogenic organisms, prevents water loss, may have specialized structures Ground Tissue- mostly thin-walled cells that function in storage, photosynthesis, support, and secretion Vascular Tissue- made up of xylem and phloem that carry out long-distance conduction of water, minerals, and nutrients within the plant, and provide support

Meristems **Differentiated based on location **area of undifferentiated cells which divide by mitosis Apical Meristem: PRIMARY meristem; occurs at the tips of roots and stems “shoot apex” Produces new tissue and causes primary growth through mitosis and cell division Allows roots to extend into ground and stems to grow towards sunlight Results in herbaceous, non-wood stems and roots

Meristems **Differentiated based on location Lateral Meristem: SECONDARY meristem; allow growth and thickness Most trees and shrubs (aka woody plants) have active lateral meristems Two types of meristems: Vascular cambium (produces secondary tissue and lies between xylem and phloem in vascular bundles Cork cambium (within bark of plant, produces cork cells of the outer bark)

Plant Hormones Factors affecting plant growth: Environmental factors (day length, water availability) Receptors Genetic Makeup Hormones (chemical messengers) Proteins (receptors) are located in plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus Upon reception of a stimulus, protein receptor becomes activated, initiating metabolic pathway which produces a hormone. Hormones move in the plant via phloem– Control plant growth

Tropisms Growth or movement to directional external stimuli May be positive (towards) or negative (away from) Common stimuli include: chemicals, gravity, touch, light

Auxins Plant hormones that cause the positive phototropism of plant shoots and seedlings Found in the embryo of seeds, the meristems of apical buds (shoot apex), young leaves

TO DO NOW-- Auxins: page 401-403 Complete the reading on auxins and complete questions 7-11 on page 403. Turn these in/share them with me today! **The reading is in your email if you don’t have your book** Homework: Micropropogation activity (2 pages)