Today’s Warm Up Pick up by the turn-in tray. Only complete side 1 – “ Israeli and Palestinian Claims to Land”

Arab-Israeli Conflict: Part 1 Today’s LEQ: How and why has the Middle East evolved through time? Arab-Israeli Conflict: Part 1

Guiding Questions What are the major issues dividing Israelis and Palestinians? Why are they so difficult to resolve? Why is the U.S. a supporter and ally of Israel?

The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict At the end of the 19th century, an international movement of Jews who called themselves Zionists declared Palestine to be an appropriate homeland Anti-Semitism (prejudice/hatred towards Jews) was growing in Europe and Jews began to emigrate to this area

International Sympathy Increases After the persecution of Jews during WWII, international sympathy contributed to the support for a Jewish state in Palestine

The U.N. Makes it Official… In 1947, the U.N. voted to partition Palestine into two states, one for Jews and the other for Palestinians Jerusalem was to be an international zone The Jews agreed; Arabs did not

Fighting Breaks Out… Jewish leaders declared the independence of Israel on May 14, 1948 Surrounding Arab nations invaded in support of the Palestinians Israel wins and gained more land than originally intended Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians become refugees

The Fighting Continues… Other wars between Israel and Arab countries followed Israel’s victory in the Six Day War of 1967 resulted in its control of the entire territory of former Palestine

Palestinian Nationalism 1964, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) formed Pledged to destroy Israel, replace with Palestinian state 1969, Yasser Arafat became the leader, PLO launched guerilla attacks against Israel

Israeli Settlements Encouraged Beginning in the 1970s, Israel citizens were encouraged to create settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, increasing anger and resentment among Palestinians Israel makes Jerusalem their capital, but this is not internationally recognized

First and Second Intifada Palestinian resentment began rebellion known as intifada – violent Palestinian revolts against Israeli rule Began in 1987 led by youths throwing stones at Israeli soldiers; grew to arson, sabotage, riots, and killings Israeli forces responded forcibly – over 1,000 (mostly unarmed) Palestinians killed