Three manuscripts in three years: Practical approaches

PRIMARY vs. SECONDARY

A simple model of research-based evidence The Integrated "5S" Levels of Organization of Evidence Pyramid depicts the relationship between the Evidence Hierarchy (the small, inset pyramid) and the "5S" model. The Integrated Pyramid also includes foundational resources that do not have transparent evidence-based methodologies. http://guides.lib.umich.edu/c.php?g=282802&p=1888245

Examples: Systematic review Meta-analysis Cross sectional, descriptive studies Epidemiological studies

Advantages of Secondary Research More efficient use of resources Convenient means of conducting research quickly Preferable when decisions rely on historical data

Advantages of Secondary Research More efficient use of resources Convenient means of conducting research quickly Preferable when decisions rely on historical data

Advantages of Secondary Research More efficient use of resources Convenient means of conducting research quickly Preferable when decisions rely on historical data

Purpose of the Literature Review Is my topic a real problem? What do we already know? Where are the gaps in knowledge? What are some measures and approaches I could use in designing my study? Injury 200,000 MESH terms Injury and PTSD 20,000 Combine MESH terms Injury, PTSD, and recividism: 10 ToE

Table of Evidence TOE

Maps Capture and organize ideas Concept maps Examples Mind maps (a visual concept map) See Articles in Moodle for evidence

Two Main Research Approaches Quantitative Qualitative A traditional approach: identify and measure variables in a reliable and valid way Based on positivist paradigm Reality is fixed, independent of human observation There is an underlying objective truth Seeks to remove personal biases and values A natural approach: understand the meaning of an experience from the individual’s perspective Based on naturalist paradigm Reality is the experience of individuals Subjective inquiry required to discover phenomena

Two Main Research Approaches Quantitative Qualitative Approach arises from need to establish au underlying reality http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p ubmed?term=conclu*%20NOT% 20review%20NOT%20case%20N OT%20qualitative Approach arises from need to identify new phenomena http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pu bmed?term=qualitative%20UCL A%20nursing

Just for Fun: Peer-Review

Paper Structure Introduction Methods Results Discussion Why (if lucky… not all papers manage this) what don’t we know and why is it important to find out How what we did What we found What it means, and how it relates to what we know

Journal Metrics

The foundation for getting your work published: Conduct high-quality research. Getting published is a complex issue. The publishing landscape is constantly changing. Be willing to adapt your strategy. Even though many factors are out of the control of authors, various approaches are possible and it makes sense to make conscious and well-informed moves. Collaborating with researchers within as well as outside your field. Send your research article to an appropriate journal, and adequately highlighting the novelty and impact of your research.