Information Design Which is the design of informations? Engeneering Psychology 2008 Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, CTU in Prague, Technicka 4, 166 07 Prague 6 Information Design Which is the design of informations? HMI – Human-Machine Interaction, MMI – Man Human-Machine Interaction, GUI - Graphical user interface, Graphic design, Visual Style, Information Design, Vizualization of Information’s Flow, Firm Stzle, Visual Communication, Language of Visual Information, Jakub Jura jakub.jura@fs.cvut.cz

Information Design Information design has been defined as the art and science of preparing information so that it can be used by human beings with efficiency and effectiveness (Jacobson Eds. 2000 p. 15). data  information  knowledge  wisdom (Jacobson Eds. 2000 p. 271)

Ladislav Sutnar (1897 – 1976)

Communication’s Schema Decoding of information Coding of information S R Communication Channel Interpretation Sign resource of communicator Sign resource of communicant Communicator communiqué Communicant vysílač sdělení přijímač sender message receiver Sensation modalities: Vision Hearing Touch Olfaction Gustation

Analog and Digital Communication Analog Communication Everything is expressed continuously by simile of quantity. There is not negation in Analog language. Touch the intuition, imagination, metaphor, narration. Digital Communication Everything is expressed uncontinuously in the words. Touch the reason, logic and dispassionate argumentation.

Axioms of Communication One Cannot Not Communicate. Every communication has a content and relationship aspect which is metacommunication for the former. The nature of a relationship is dependent on the punctuation of the partners communication procedures . Human communication involves both digital and analog modalities . Inter-human communication procedures are either symmetric or complementary Watzlawick defines five (5) basic axioms in his theory on communication that are necessary to have a functioning communication between two individuals. If one of these axioms is somehow disturbed, communication might fail. All of these axioms are derived from the work of Gregory Bateson, much of which is collected in Steps to an Ecology of Mind (1972). One Cannot Not Communicate (Man kann nicht nicht kommunizieren): Every behaviour is a kind of communication. Because behaviour does not have a counterpart (there is no anti-behaviour), it is not possible not to communicate. Every communication has a content and relationship aspect such that the latter classifies the former and is therefore a metacommunication.: This means that all communication includes, apart from the plain meaning of words, more information - information on how the talker wants to be understood and how he himself sees his relation to the receiver of information. The nature of a relationship is dependent on the punctuation of the partners communication procedures: Both the talker and the receiver of information structure the communication flow differently and therefore interpret their own behaviour during communicating as merely a reaction on the other's behaviour (i.e. every partner thinks the other one is the cause of a specific behaviour). Human communication cannot be desolved into plain causation and reaction strings, communication rather appears to be cyclic. Human communication involves both digital and analog modalities: Communication does not involve the merely spoken words (digital communication), but non-verbal and analog-verbal communication as well. Inter-human communication procedures are either symmetric or complementary, depending on whether the relationship of the partners is based on differences or parity. Paul Watzlawick, Pragmatics of Human Communication, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Watzlawick

Model of Operator Reasoning action SS MS Controled System output

Meanings of Colors SAFETY ADVANCED or ORDER RISK OF DANGER or WARNING DANGER or PROHIBITION NEUTRAL INFORMATION or CANCEL Feeling from the color X Meanings of the colors http://www.muzeum-umeni-benesov.cz/iid/mez-graf-komunikace/cz/vymezeni_barev_a_tabulek_ke_specifikaci_obsahu_sdeleni.html

http://www. muzeum-umeni-benesov http://www.muzeum-umeni-benesov.cz/iid/mez-graf-komunikace/cz/system_orientacniho_znaceni.html

User Interface HMI - Human Machine Interface, Man Machine Interface, HCI – Human Computer Interface TUI - Text User Interface CLI - Command Line Interface GUI - Graphical user interface 3DUI - Three-dimensional user interface http://goanna.cs.rmit.edu.au/~gl/research/HCC/interact97.html

GUI - Graphical user interface Where is used? What is an Interaction Design? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface

WIMP standard W: Window(s) I: Icon(s) M: Menu(s); Mouse/Mice (rarely) (note that mice are a subset of pointing devices) P: Pointing device(s); Pointing; Pointer(s) (note that the term "pointer" is often used as a synonym for mouse cursor); Pull-down menu(s) (note that pull-down menus can be thought of as a subset of menus) WIMP interaction was developed at Xerox PARC in 1973) and popularized by the Macintosh computer in 1984. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP_(computing)

GOMS standard Goals - what the user intends to accomplish. An approach to human computer interaction observation developed in 1983 by Stuart Card, Thomas P. Moran and Allen Newell Goals - what the user intends to accomplish. Operators - actions that are performed to get to the goal. Methods - sequences of operators that accomplish a goal. Selection rules - user would select a certain method over the others.

Handlers & Pilot Lamps

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOMS