Greek Architecture Vocabulary

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Presentation transcript:

Greek Architecture Vocabulary Doric Ionic Corinthian Entablature Pediment Cornice Frieze Iktinos Kallikrates Peristyle Entasis Refinements Propylaia Parthenon Pan-Athenaic Procession Erectheion Pheidias

Temple of Hera II, Paestum, Italy, 470-460 BCE Progression of Architecture-Italian work-egyptian influence Earliest temples are mud brick and wood-no longer exist and had no architectural sculpture Archaic period uses stone and marble Temple of Hera Dedicated to Hera, Housed her cult statue SImilarities to Mycenaean megaron-citadel of Tyrins Insistence n proportional perfection: old temples 1:3, later 1:2 Sculpture on upper part: Frieze and Pediment parts with no structural function Columns swell Entasis, peristyle, Doric very heavy imposing feel Sculpture is more iconic, not narrative, possibly to ward off evil-doers pg. 162 medusa pediment temple of Artemis at Corfu, 600-580 Temple of Hera II, Paestum, Italy, 470-460 BCE

Plan, Temple of Hera II Naos or Cella Pronaos Stylobate Peristyle Note diagrams on page 116 of your text

Temple of Artemis, Corfu, 600-580 BCE Pediment

Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, Greece, 500-490 BCE

Detail, Temple of Aphaia Doric capital Triglyph Metope Dentilation (dentils) Entasis

Model, Temple of Aphaia

Wounded Soldiers, Temple of Aphaia

Temple of Zeus at Olympia, Pediment Detail, ca. 470-460 BCE

The Acropolis Ca. 530 BCE Construction of the Archaic Acropolis 490 BCE Victory of the Athenians over the Persians at the battle of Marathon 490 BCE Construction of the older Parthenon 480 BCE Persian sack of Athens by Xerxes 479 BCE Persians expelled from Athens Oath of Plataia, Delian League 447 BCE construction of the new Parthenon

The Acropolis, Athens, Greece Movement from west to east from least to most religious

Model of the Acropolis

Iktinos and Kallikrates, The Parthenon, 447-438 BCE, Classical

Reconstruction of the Athena Parthenos by Phidias, 438 BCE The statue itself is made of ivory and gold. In the middle of her helmet is placed an image of the Sphinx . . . and on either side of it are griffins in relief. . . . The statue of Athena stands upright, dressed in a full-length chiton, and on her breast a head of Medusa is represented in ivory. She carries a statue of Nike about 4 cubits [6 feet] high, and a spear in the other hand; a shield is placed by her feet, and near the shield is a serpent. This serpent would be Erichtonios. On the base of the image is represented the Birth of Pandora in relief. Pausanias Description of Greece, Book I, Attica

Phidias, The Ionic Frieze, Pan-Athenaic Procession

Phidias, Ionic Freize, East end, Presentation of the Peplos to Athena

Phidias, Metopes, Battle of the Lapiths and the Centaurs

Phidias, East Pediment: The Pantheon, Birth of Athena

Phidias, West Pediment: The Contest between Athena and Poseidon

The Erectheion, 421-405 BCE Housed multiple shrines and wooden idol statue of Athena Site of mythological contest between Athena and Poseidon Porch of the Maidens-caryatids replace ionic columns, combination of form and function

The Porch of the Maidens, 421-405 BCE Housed multiple shrines and wooden idol statue of Athena Site of mythological contest between Athena and Poseidon Porch of the Maidens-caryatids replace ionic columns, combination of form and function The Porch of the Maidens, 421-405 BCE Caryatids

Kallikrates, Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, 427-424 BCE Ionic Order

Nike adjusting her sandal, Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, 410 BCE Pheidias, Nike adjusting her sandal, Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, 410 BCE Parapet Balustrade

Polykleitos the Younger, Theater, Classical, Epidauros, 350 BCE

Altar of Zeus, Pergamon, ca. 175 BCE

Monument to Lysikrates, Classical, Athens, 334 BCE Corinthian capitals had been used as early as the 5th century bc for interior religious buildings-possibly cult statue or lining the interior