Karyotypes Pages 474-475 in textbook.

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Karyotypes Pages 474-475 in textbook

What is a karyotype? Picture of a full genome (full set of genetics information that an organism carries in its DNA) Shows the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in homologous pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size Picture is taken during mitosis when chromosomes are fully condensed and easy to view Review Question: What phase would this be?

Chromosomes Review: How many total chromosomes are in an average human cell?

Looking at this karyotype, how are the chromosomes arranged? Normal Karyotype Looking at this karyotype, how are the chromosomes arranged?

What can karyotypes show? Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 chromosomes total) Pairs 1-22 are autosomes The 23rd pair are the sex chromosomes that determine the gender of an individual Chromosomal mutations Insertion Missing piece of a chromosome Missing Chromosome

Sex Chromosomes Average female sex chromosomes are XX Average male sex chromosomes are XY Thinking Question: Which parent determines the gender of each child? The X chromosome contains more than 1400 genes The Y chromosome contains only about 158 genes; associated with male sex characteristics and sperm development mainly

Normal Karyotype

Nondisjunction When one pair of sister chromatids fail to separate during Anaphase I or II of Meiosis Results in a gamete with an extra chromosome or a gamete with one less chromosome Insertion (Down’s Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome) Deletion (Cri Du Chat) Missing chromosomes (Turner Syndrome)

Great Video on Nondisjunction http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP4ZItCHouU