The Atom.

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Presentation transcript:

The Atom

How big is an Atom? The average size atom (Al) is about 0.00000003 cm. Draw a line in your notebook 1 cm long…

How big is an Atom? It would take 100,000,000 atoms lined in a row to make a line that long!

How many atoms are there? In a single penny, there are 2 x10^22 atoms, or 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

What’s Inside an Atom? An atom is made up of a team of three players: protons, neutrons, and electrons They each have a charge, mass, and a location

Protons... Charge: positive Mass: 1 amu (atomic mass unit) Location: Nucleus

Neutrons... Charge: none Mass: 1 amu (atomic mass unit) Location: Nucleus

Electrons... Charge: negative Mass: almost zero Location: electron clouds

Electrons vs Protons The electron’s negative charge is the same size as a proton’s positive charge. They cancel each other out: +1 -1 = 0 Atoms like to have 0 charge.

Questions... What particles are in the nucleus? Explain why atoms are neutral. Why do scientists say that most of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus?

How Do Atoms of Different Elements Differ? Lets compare a Hydrogen atom and a Helium atom…

Hydrogen... Draw one proton. Draw a circle around the proton. Place one electron on the circle. You have just created a hydrogen atom! Hydrogen has no neutrons.

Helium Draw two protons and two neutrons all together. Draw an electron orbit around them. Place two electrons on the orbit. You have just created a helium atom!!!

What is different? The two different elements have different numbers of electrons, protons, and neutrons.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Elements Gold – 79 protons Aluminum – 13 protons Copper – 29 protons

Making Models: Subatomic Particles = Proton (red kidney bean) = Neutron (white kidney bean) =Electron (brown lentil)

(Neutral) Helium Atom 2 protons 2 neutrons 2 electrons

Negative Carbon Atom Protons: 6 Neutrons: 6 Electrons: ?

Positive Nitrogen Atom Protons: ? Neutrons: 7 Electrons: ?

Neutral Fluorine Atom Protons: ? Neutrons: ? Electrons: ?

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Are all atoms of an element the same? Draw another Hydrogen atom, but this time add a neutron. It is still Hydrogen because it has only one proton, but it has more mass in the nucleus. It is called an isotope.

What is an Isotope? Isotope - atoms that have the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons. Some isotopes are radioactive. Otherwise they are mostly the same as the regular atom.

How can you tell one isotope from another? By their mass numbers. mass number = protons + neutrons. Different isotopes will have different mass numbers because they have different numbers of neutrons.

1

Let’s see... Hydrogen-1 has 1 proton and 0 neutrons. Mass Number = 1

Questions… List the charge, location, and mass of each particle. Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in aluminum-27.