Slide Deck 7: Provincial Government in Newfoundland and Labrador

How does the provincial government work?

Parliamentary Democracy Canada is a parliamentary democracy; we elect representatives to our federal parliament and provincial and territorial legislatures to make laws These elected representatives are usually associated with a political party (a group of individuals with a shared vision and similar political beliefs whose intention is to achieve power) The party with the most representatives forms government and their leader becomes the leader of the government

Three Branches of Government In a parliamentary system, there are three branches or divisions: Executive (creates policies and implements legislation) Legislative (passes laws and legislation, scrutinizes government activity) Judicial (oversees and interprets laws)

Newfoundland and Labrador’s Legislative Branch Debates, amends and passes laws and legislation, with approval by the Crown Also responsible for scrutinizing government activity Consists of all elected Members of the House of Assembly (MHAs)

Legislative Branch: The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly

Newfoundland and Labrador’s Executive Branch (“The Government”) Operates, implements and enforces all the laws created by the legislative branch Comprised of: The Crown, represented by the lieutenant governor The premier The executive council, also known as Cabinet, made up of cabinet ministers (appointed by the premier) Each cabinet minister manages one of the departments (e.g., Economic Development, Culture, Infrastructure, Tourism, Justice) The executive council works with civil service staff within each provincial ministry (Service NL)

Executive Branch: Premier Dwight Ball speaks after a cabinet shuffle

Newfoundland and Labrador’s Judicial Branch Interprets the law and punishes those who violate established laws, rules and regulations Comprised of: Court of Appeal of Newfoundland and Labrador headed by the Chief Justice of Newfoundland and Labrador Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court of Newfoundland and Labrador The judicial branch operates independently and separately from the executive and legislative branches of government Deborah Fry Chief Justice Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal

Judicial Branch: Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal

Do you agree that the judiciary should be independent of the other two branches of government? Why or why not?

Responsible Government In our system of parliamentary democracy, the executive branch (or “the government”) must have the support of a majority (or more than half) of elected representatives in order to govern. If the government loses a confidence vote in the assembly, the government must resign. Newfoundland and Labrador Government House, official residence of the Lieutenant Governor, St. John’s

Majority vs Minority Government A majority government results when one political party wins more than half of all seats in the House of Assembly. A minority government occurs when a governing party wins less than half of the seats, but is able to maintain the support of a majority of the MHAs. Of the other parties in the House of Assembly, the party that holds the largest number of seats becomes the Official Opposition.

What do you think the challenges are for a minority government?

In the 2019 Newfoundland and Labrador provincial election, Newfoundlanders will elect 40 Members to the Legislative Assembly. Question - How many elected representatives does a party need in order to win a majority government in Newfoundland and Labrador?

FINAL THOUGHTS How does the provincial government work? How does voting influence government?