1. Slide Deck 6: Provincial Government

2. Parliamentary Democracy
Canada is a parliamentary democracy; we elect representatives to our federal parliament and provincial and territorial legislatures to make laws
These elected representatives are usually associated with a political party (a group of individuals with a shared vision and similar political beliefs whose intention is to achieve power)
The party with the most representatives forms government and their leader becomes the leader of the government

3. Three Branches of Government
In a parliamentary system, there are three branches or divisions:
Executive (creates policies and implements legislation)
Legislative (passes laws and legislation, scrutinizes government activity)
Judicial (oversees and interprets laws)

4. New Brunswick’s Legislative Branch
Debates, amends and passes laws and legislation, with approval by the Crown
Also responsible for scrutinizing government activity
Consists of all elected Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs)

5. Legislative Branch: The New Brunswick Legislature

6. New Brunswick’s Executive Branch (“The Government”)
Operates, implements and enforces all the laws created by the legislative branch
Comprised of:
The Crown, represented by the lieutenant governor
The premier
The executive council made up of cabinet ministers (appointed by the premier)
Each cabinet minister manages one of the departments (e.g., Health, Education and Early Childhood Development, Intergovernmental Affairs)
The executive council works with civil service staff within each provincial ministry (New Brunswick Public Service)

7. Executive Branch: New member of the Executive Council sworn in

8. New Brunswick’s Judicial Branch
Interprets the law and punishes those who violate established laws, rules and regulations
Comprised of:
Court of Appeal headed by the Chief Justice of New Brunswick
Court of Queen’s Bench
Probate Court
Provincial Court
The judicial branch operates independently and separately from the executive and legislative branches of government
Marc Richard
Chief Justice
New Brunswick Court of Appeal

9. Judicial Branch: New Brunswick Court of Appeal

10. Do you agree that the judiciary should be independent of the other two branches of government? Why or why not?

11. Responsible Government
In our system of parliamentary democracy, the executive branch (or “the government”) must have the support of a majority (or more than half) of elected representatives in order to govern.
If the government loses a confidence vote in the assembly, the government must resign.

12. Majority vs Minority Government
A majority government results when one political party wins more than half of all seats in the Assembly.
A minority government occurs when a governing party wins less than half of the seats, but is able to maintain the support of a majority of the MPPs.
Of the other parties in the legislature, the party that holds the largest number of seats becomes the Official Opposition.

13. What do you think the challenges are for a minority government?

14. In the September 24, 2018 election, New Brunswickers will elect 49 Members of the Legislative Assembly. Question - How many elected representatives does a party need in order to win a majority government?