Grade 9 Reproduction Unit Genetic Technology Grade 9 Reproduction Unit

Artificial Selection ___________________ selection is the process of intentional modification of a species through human actions which encourage the breeding of certain traits over others

What is the purpose of artificial selection? Scientists alter the ___________________ of many organisms in order to improve their use to some people Examples: ___________________ can be changed to be tolerant to drought and frost Animals can be changed to be more productive

Can artificial selection be dangerous? Yes If all the individuals of one species have the same or very similar DNA, then ______________________________ is reduced Without genetic diversity, disease may spread more quickly Example- Irish potato famine

Genetic Technology 1) Selective Breeding Selective breeding is the process of ___________________ individuals with desirable traits to produce offspring that also have these desirable traits Example- the grains and fruits you eat Example- breeding champion horses

Genetic Technology 2) Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering refers to any technology that directly alters the ___________________ of an organism Most genetic engineering involves inserting a ___________________ from one species into another species Example - bacteria that are engineering to produce insulin - bacteria reproduce so quickly that most of the worlds insulin supply comes from genetically engineered bacteria

Genetic Technology 3) Cloning Cloning is the process of forming ___________________ offspring from a single cell Because the clone comes from a single parent, its DNA is identical to the parent Example - many ___________________ are reproduced by cloning

Genetic Technology 4) Genetically Modified Organisms GMO’s are any organism in which the ___________________ has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally by mating Example - a bell pepper may have DNA from a fish added to it to make it more frost tolerant