Chemical Bonds 18.2

Atoms loan electrons so both can reach a stable energy level Atoms loan electrons so both can reach a stable energy level. When atoms gain, lose, or share electrons, an attraction forms between the atoms. The atoms are pulled together to form a compound. The attraction creates a bond that joins the atoms. A compound is completely different from the atoms that make it up. A compound has different physical and chemical properties from the atoms that are in it. A compound is two or more atoms bonded together

Ionic Bond Loses or gains electrons Attraction between opposite charges of ions (positively or negatively charged atom) Between metal and nonmetal

ions (positively or negatively charged atom) Cation positive charged ion loses electrons 1+ written in the superscript Anion negative charged ion gains electrons 1- written in the superscript

The Ionic Bond two chlorine atoms gain one electron each and become negatively charged chloride ions, Cl −. The result of this bond is a neutral compound.

Covalent Bond Shares electrons Can from multiple bonds; ex: N2 and O2 Between a nonmetal and a nonmetal

Polar Bonds covalent bond electrons are unequally shared produces a molecule with a negatively-charged end and a positively charged end – polar molecule

Nonpolar Molecule electrons are shared equally in the bond