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Chapter 22~ Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

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Presentation transcript:

Decent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

Evolution Evolution: the change over time of the genetic composition of populations Natural selection: populations of organisms can change over the generations if individuals having certain heritable traits leave more offspring than others .. In other words….. Differential reproductive success!! Evolutionary adaptations:a prevalence of inherited characteristics that enhance organisms’ survival and reproduction November 24, 1859

Descent with Modification, I 5 observations: 1- Exponential fertility 2- Stable population size 3- Limited resources 4- Individuals vary 5- Heritable variation

Evolution evidence: Biogeography Geographical distribution of species Examples: Islands vs. Mainland Australia Continents

Evolution evidence: The Fossil Record Succession of forms over time Transitional links Vertebrate descent

Evolution evidence: Comparative Anatomy Homologous structures (homology) Descent from a common ancestor Vestigial organs Ex: whale/snake hindlimbs; wings on flightless birds

Evolution evidence: Comparative Embryology Pharyngeal pouches, ‘tails’ as embryos “Embryology recapitulates Phylogeny”

Evolution evidence: Molecular Biology Similarities in DNA, proteins, genes, and gene products Common genetic code

Final words…... “Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.” Evolution is NOT: “an ancient web of balance..” Progress toward “better” or “more complex” Adaptation “when needed” Understanding Evolution