Bureau of Labor Statistics Green Jobs Initiative Understanding the Green Economy in Arizona April 26, 2011 Don Haughton

BLS green jobs initiative Goals are to provide information on: Number of green jobs and trends over time Industrial, occupational, and geographic distribution of these jobs What these jobs pay Career information on green jobs Work began in FY 2010 Data available in FY

BLS Green Products GGS: industry employment OES: occupational staffing patterns and wages for GGS industry employment GTP: occupational staffing patterns and wages for employees engaged in green technologies or practices at establishments Occupational career information on selected green occupations 3

Defining green jobs Definition should be objective and measurable Use standard classifications to provide comparability to other data – North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) – Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) 4

Defining green jobs BLS background work Reviewed the literature – No widely accepted definition Examined international work – Statistics Canada, Eurostat Consulted with stakeholders – Federal agencies, industry associations, States Green Jobs Study Group – 5

Defining green jobs Solicited public comment March 16, 2010, Federal Register Notice Further consultation with Federal agencies during the comment period Final definition and summary of comments September 21, 2010, Federal Register Notice 6

BLS green jobs definition Green jobs are either: A. Output: Jobs in businesses that produce goods or provide services that benefit the environment or conserve natural resources. B. Process: Jobs in which workers duties involve making their establishments production processes more environmentally friendly or use fewer natural resources. 7

1.Energy from renewable sources 2.Energy efficient equipment, appliances, buildings and vehicles, and goods and services that improve the energy efficiency of buildings and the efficiency of energy storage and distribution 3.Pollution mitigation; greenhouse gas reduction; and recycling and reuse goods and services 8 Categories of green goods and services

4.Organic agriculture; sustainable forestry; and soil, water and wildlife conservation 5.Governmental and regulatory administration; and education, training, and advocacy goods and services 9 Categories of green goods and services

About the BLS green jobs definition Based on products or services produced, or duties performed Does not consider other job aspects Not considering wages, union membership, worker safety, benefits, career ladders, or similar factors 10

Identifying green goods and services Generally designated as green only goods and services that directly benefit the environment Does not automatically include inputs or distribution of outputs, but evaluates these for direct environmental benefit Identified 333 detailed NAICS industries where green goods and services are classified. See 11

Identifying green goods and services (for selected industries only) 12 Industry sector Number of establishments, 2009 Percent distribution Construction820, % Professional and business services 779, % Other services (Repair and maintenance services, Professional organizations) 183,3008.5% Natural resources and mining (organic only)88,7004.1% Information77,0003.6% Manufacturing77,7003.6% Trade, transportation, and utilities49,3002.3% Public administration42,1002.0% Education and health services26,4001.2% All other sectors10,4000.5% Total2,154, %

Examples of Industries with green content Organic corn production (anything organic) Logging (wood chips for biomass) Electric power production from wind, solar, biomass, hydroelectric sources, etc. Nuclear power production Sewage treatment facilities Construction using LEEDS Manuf. of Energy Star appliances, computers, etc Aluminum smelting - reintroducing recycled cans 13

Using well-established, well-recognized standards for consistency Do not have sufficient information and expertise to use a net impact on the environment concept to classify goods and services as green or not green Will need to update as the set of green goods and services evolves over time (e.g., hybrids may become the norm). 14 Identifying green goods and services

Measuring green goods and services jobs Green Goods and Services (GGS) survey Sample establishments in industries where green goods and services are classified Present to respondents a description of green products or services classified in their industry Request share of revenue accounted for by sale of green goods and services Use share of revenue as proxy for share of employment 15

Measuring green goods and services jobs Publication goal and example For all NAICS codes where green products and services found, publish one or more categories of green employment. 16 NAICSIndustryEmployment Other electric power generationxx,xxx - Solar power generationx,xxx - Wind power generationx,xxx -Geothermal power generationx,xxx -Other renewable power generationx,xxx Residential remodelersxxx,xxx - Green residential remodelersxx,xxx

Measuring green goods and services jobs Green Goods and Services (GGS) survey Survey instrument developed and field tested, OMB clearance given April 2011 Sample is drawn Targeting approximately 120,000 units Mailing starts late April 2011 and continues through the fall of 2011 Results in FY2012 Ongoing annual survey, quarterly updates 17

Measuring green goods and services jobs Administer the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey to establishments in the GGS sample Obtain occupational staffing patterns and wages Overlap of green goods and services survey sample with regular OES sample Expand OES sample as needed 18

BLS green jobs definition Green jobs are either: A. Output: Jobs in businesses that produce goods or provide services that benefit the environment or conserve natural resources. (GGS) B. Process: Jobs in which workers duties involve making their establishments production processes more environmentally friendly or use fewer natural resources. (GTP) 19

Types of green technologies and practices 1.Generating energy from renewable sources for use within the establishment 2.Improving energy efficiency within the establishment 3.Reducing greenhouse gas emissions resulting from operations. 4.Reducing or eliminating the creation of, or release of, pollutants or toxic compounds resulting from operations 20

Types of green technologies and practices 5.Reducing or eliminating the creation of waste materials or wastewater resulting from operations. 6.Conserving natural resources consumed during business operations. (Does not include using recycled inputs in production processes.) 21

Employment related to green technologies and practices More than 50% of the employees time is spent: 1.Researching, 2.Developing, 3.Maintaining, or 4.Using technologies or practices related to the six categories of green activities. or 5.Training workers at the establishment in one or more of the six categories of green activities. 22

GTP green employment 50% of an employees time is spent researching, developing, maintaining, or using technologies or practices, or training employees in: 1.Generating energy from renewable sources 2.Improving energy efficiency 3.Reducing greenhouse gas emissions 4.Reducing or eliminating the creation of, or release of, pollutants or toxic compounds 5.Reducing or eliminating the creation of waste materials or wastewater 6.Conserving natural resources 23

Measuring green technologies and practices jobs Green Technologies and Practices (GTP) survey Sample establishments in all industries (except private households) Present a list of green activities for respondents to evaluate whether or not they are used at the establishment Request occupation and wage information for employees who spend more than 50% of their time in these green activities. 24

Occupation and wage information 25

Measuring green technologies and practices jobs Green Technologies and Practices (GTP) survey Initial development underway – Field testing started Summer 2010 Public comment on OMB clearance – Comments due before April 4, 2011 Survey collection during FY Results in FY

BLS Green Products GGS: industry employment OES: occupational staffing patterns and wages for GGS industry employment GTP: occupational staffing patterns and wages for employees engaged in green technologies or practices at establishments Occupational career information on selected green occupations 27

Career Information The Division of Occupational Outlook is publishing a series of articles on Green Jobs. Industries were selected because they meet the BLS definition of Green Goods and Services and there is employment data readily available. 28

Career Information Career Information articles are the first green jobs products available from BLS. Because of the lack of BLS data, these articles will contain data from secondary sources until BLS data are available. Articles will be updated with BLS data as it becomes available. 29

Career Information The first article, Careers in Wind Energy was published online in September A shorter Wind Energy article was also included in the winter edition of Occupational Outlook Quarterly Available at

Career Information Upcoming articles include: Solar Power Green Construction Possible Future Articles: Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Recycling and Reuse 31

BLS Green Products GGS: industry employment OES: occupational staffing patterns GTP: process survey Occupational career information on selected green occupations 32

Contact Information Donald Haughton (GGS) Sharon Stang (GTP) George Stamas (OES) James Hamilton (Career Information) 33