5.3 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Compounds can fall under two broad categories: Organic compounds: almost all compounds containing carbon. Produced naturally by organisms or made in a lab. Glucose (C6H12O6) See pages 244 - 246 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

5.3 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Inorganic compounds: are compounds that do not have carbon (as well as some exceptions: CO2, CO and ionic carbonates) Sodium Chloride (NaCl) See pages 244 - 246 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

5.3 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Carbon has four electrons in its valence shell, which allows for more chemical bonding possibilities than any other element.

5.3 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Carbon can make double bonds, triple bonds, ring structures, and can be bonded to almost any length with itself. No other element can match carbons ability to make stable compounds with such a variety of shapes and arrangements.

5.3 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Long chains of carbons form petroleum and plastics.

Carbon is also the "BACKBONE OF LIFE"

5.3 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Organic molecules always have C before H in their formulas. This is different from acids, which almost always start with H.

HYDROCARBONS Are organic compounds that only contain carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are based on a carbon chain, with hydrogen atoms added on the sides. The simplest hydrocarbon is methane (CH4), followed by ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10), and pentane (C5H12). All hydrocarbons are flammable, and most are liquids are room temperature. See pages 246 - 247

ALCOHOLS Alcohols are organic compounds with an –OH group off of the Carbon chain The simplest alcohols are methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), and isopropyl alcohol (C3H7OH). Alcohols are very good solvents (they dissolve other substances). Alcohols are generally very flammable. See pages 246 - 247 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007