IDEAL gas law

Solve quantitative problems involving the relationships among the pressure, temperature, and volume of a gas using dimensional analysis. Include: Avogadro, Ideal Gas Law and the mole Additional KEY Terms Molar volumeMolar mass

Avogadro ( ) Any sample of any GAS at the same temperature pressure will contain the same number of particles.

* Experiment conducted at constant temperature and pressure

Defined 22.4 L as the molar volume for any GAS. Particles are now counted in moles (n). The number of moles is directly proportional to pressure, temperature, and volume.

mol · K Experiments with n, V, P, and T give Ideal gas law: R = experimentally determined ideal gas constant. Value of R depends on the units used for pressure. L · kPa L · atm mol · K L · mmHg 62.4 R = P T Vn To use this constant value – the units of P, V, T must match the given units

Ideal Gas Model: particles engaged in random motion (normal) particles obey conservation of energy (normal) particles are non-interacting (IMFs alter results) Real gases dont behave like ideal gases at low temperatures OR high pressures. But the formula works 99% of the time, so…

A steel container with a volume of 20.0 L is filled with nitrogen gas to a final pressure of kPa at C. How many moles of gas was used? = PV nTR = 2000(20.0) n (300) L · kPa mol · K °C = 300 K 16.0 moles

The molecular mass of water (H 2 O) is 18.0 µ... One mole of any particle has a mass equal to its total formula mass – IN GRAMS. The mass of 1 atom of Al = 27.0 µ The mass of 1 mole of Al atoms = 27.0 g So...the molar mass of water is 18.0 g/mol. It is more convenient to measure a mole by mass. The mass of 1 mole is the molar mass - (g/mol)

Molar mass of lead (II) chloride, PbCl 2 ? 1 particle of PbCl atom of Pb, 2 atoms of Cl 1 mole of PbCl mole of Pb, 2 moles of Cl PbCl 2 = g/mol + 2(35.5 g/mol) = g/mol The molar mass of lead (II) chloride is g/mol.

Dimensional Analysis (Converting Units) : 1.Determine the unit ratio needed. 2. Multiply by the unit ratio (new unit on top) 20 moles O 2 = ? g 20 moles O 2 x 32.0 g = 640 g O 2 1 mole 1 mole OR 32.0 g 32.0 g 1 mole

x 27.0 g 1 mole moles of aluminum atoms g of sugar, C 11 H 22 O moles of iron (III) oxide. 1.Al = 27.0 g/mol 2. C 11 H 22 O 11 = g/mol 3. Fe 2 O 3 = g/mol 5 moles Al = 135 g 100 g sugar = mol 7.25 moles Fe 2 O 3 x g 1 mole = 1160 g x 1 mol g

What pressure is exerted by g of methane (CH 4 ) gas in a sealed 5.35L container at 27 ºC? g 16.0 g 1 mol = 40.0 moles = PVnTR 27°C = 300 K L · kPa mol · K (5.35) (300) x 10 4 kPa = Molar mass of CH 4 = 16.0 g/mol (40.0)

A child lung capacity is 2.2 L. How many grams of oxygen gas do lungs hold at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a normal body temperature of C? mol 1 mol 32.0 g = 2.75 g of O 2 = PV nTR 37°C = 310 K L · kPa mol · K = 101.3(2.2) (310) moles Molar mass of O 2 = 32.0 g/mol

CAN YOU / HAVE YOU? Solve quantitative problems involving the relationships among the pressure, temperature, and volume of a gas using dimensional analysis. Include: Avogadro, Ideal Gas Law and the mole Additional KEY Terms Molar volumeMolar mass