TEMPERATURE AND NOISE LOGGING IN RESERVOIR FLOW EVALUATION Take a look behind the casing …

Scanning Radius CBL C/O WFL SIGMA Spectral Noise Log SPINNER BLIND THRU TUBING C/O WFL SIGMA Spectral Noise Log ~ 3 m SPINNER Dynamic HPT ~ 1 m Static HPT > 3 m 2

Physics - heat transfer equation: t >0, r >rc , z < z <z + excess temperature: (r, z, t) = T (r, z, t)  Tg (z) -boundary conditions: a) flowing b) shut-in

Example

Conventional vs High Presicion Conventional temperature High precision temperature TI TD TS TI TD TS Shift >10м Matches with perforation interval Doesn’t match with perforation interval Channeling No injection below Sensor at bottom of tool-string Time response < 1 sec Sensor in middle of tool-string Time response > 1 sec 5

SHPT areal plot Active Producer Shut-in Producer TG Injectors 6

Producer. SHPT vs PLT Spinner Temperature 7

Injector. SHPT vs PLT Spinner Temperature 8

Producer. SHPT vs SIGMA SIGMA = 50% sweep SHPT = bypassed oil High BSW SIGMA = 50% sweep SHPT = bypassed oil Active channeling Current OWC or Coning 9

Type library Fracture Non uniform Injection OWC Rise or Coning Channeling 10

SHPT vs PLT 3D simulation Bypassed oil OWC PLT SHPT 12

Spectral Noise Logging Tool OIL & GAS SERVICES Parameter Value Operating frequency range, Hz 234.375 – 30,000 Frequency resolution, Hz 234.375 Number of frequency channels 512 Noise measurement range, dB 30–130 Maximum ambient operating pressure, MPa 60 Operating temperature range, degC -20...+125 Reading Mode – Memory Temperature range – 125oC (253oF) Pressure Range – 60 MPa HPT-PLT Package allows to cover Static Temperature – oriented to determine the static reservoir disturbances caused by the reservoir fluid movement Dynamic Temperature – provides information about the current flow in near reservoir zone and draws a qualitative picture of the current working intervals PLT – shows the current wellbore flow 13

Noise Spectrum is defined by console/reservoir structure SNL Physics 1 kHz Noise Spectrum is defined by console/reservoir structure [m] Diameter of console Length of console [Pa] Young’s modulus of console’s material [kg/m3] Density of console’s material Large consoles  Low frequencies Small consoles  High frequencies

SNL Frequency Casing Tubing SSD X-NIPPEL Mandrels Perfs Orifice Leaks Channels Faults Fractures Regular matrix Tight matrix Super-tight Matrix

How to read SNL panel… Bore hole Flow Fracture Flow Sketch Bore hole Flow Fracture Flow Reservoir Matrix Flow Casing Perfs Channel Macrofrac Regular matrix Tight porous Super-tight porous 16

Producer. SNL + PLT ? Bore hole flow Fracture flow Reservoir OIL & GAS SERVICES Bore hole flow Fracture flow ? Reservoir Matrix flow Channeling

Producer. SNL + PLT. Zoom Bore hole flow Fracture flow Reservoir OIL & GAS SERVICES Bore hole flow Fracture flow Reservoir Matrix flow Channeling

Producer. SNL + PLT. Communication. Zoom Bore hole flow Fracture flow Reservoir Matrix flow Channeling 19 19

Injector. SNL vs PLT 20 20

Injector. SNL + HPT + PLT. Communication Thief injection Injection Water Override Matrix flow

Observer. SNL + HPT. Lateral flow Reservoir Matrix flow

Open Hole – monitor drilling losses OIL & GAS SERVICES Matrix flow Fractures survived Matrix killed X X Matrix flow Fracture flow Light Mud -> Regular Mud X X Flow shut-down 23 23

Observer Injector Producer T SNL T SNL T SNL

OIL & GAS SERVICES The End www.tgtoil.com 25

Open Hole – SNL3 vs conventional NL wide wings narrow wings Light Mud -> Regular Mud 26 26