Early American Literature

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Presentation transcript:

Early American Literature

Historical Background Native American oral literature begins the American literary heritage Puritans & Southern Planters are the other half of early American literature The Rationalists of the Revolutionary Era close out the early American literary period

Native Americans: Historical Background & literature Present in America as others settled in this “New World” Literature documented through oral tradition Literature composed of myths, legends, and songs Through literature we learn Native American values, ideals, and customs, as well as their high respect for the natural world

Puritans: Historical Background Why the New World? Colonized in the New England area They were religious reformers who wanted to “purify” the church of England Wanted to build a “city upon a hill,” a model community based upon the Bible Gradually declined but the Great Awakening of the 1720s revived Puritanism for a little while American value of hard work and self-discipline was established by the “Puritan ethic”

Puritan Literature Wrote hymns, sermons, histories, journals, and autobiographies Predestination caused Puritans to constantly search for signs of God’s grace Aimed for self-examination & spiritual insight

Historical Background: Southern Planters Differed from Puritans in the New England colonies due to motivation for colonization: money Life was different due to climate, crops, social organization, and religion

The New World & Early American’s Attitude Towards It Native Americans respected it, felt they belonged to it Puritans tried to work with it as the Native Americans taught them, but also feared the wildness of it Southern colonists saw its raw beauty, rich resources, and possibility

Rationalists: Historical Background Change in economic conditions - growth of fishery, farms, etc. Presence of the leaders of dissent (leaders who questioned the traditions of the past) The presence of the frontier - concept of self-reliance, individualism, and optimism. Growth of rationality - use of the mind to know God - less dependence on the Bible Revolutionary War Belief in Natural Rights (the Social Contract) Lack of Representation in British Government Restrictive Taxes and trade policies

Rationalist Literature Still lacking fiction Writing Includes: Essays Pamphlets Speeches Poetry Personal/Non-Fiction Narratives Persuasive in nature

Early American Literature Themes Wilderness & the natural world Community Individualism Narratives Stories about real life events The narratives of explorers, colonists, Puritans, slaves, and Southern planters, all give us perspective on our American heritage