Tools for risk assessement of nanomaterials at the workplace Maaike Visser | EOHnano 2019

Background on Workplace risk assessment in NL Content: Background on Workplace risk assessment in NL Dutch Nano Reference Values (NRV) Evaluation of risk assessment tools for the workplace Maaike Visser | EOHnano 2019

The Dutch dual system of Occupational Exposure Limits Employer: Government: Responsible for safe working conditions: Risk Inventarisation and Evaluation (RI&E) Inspection and enforcement Setting public OELs (EU BOELs, CMR substances, substances without ‘owner’) No public OEL available: derive own OEL Legally binding, public OELs (+/- 190 substances) Evaluation of nano-tools for the shop floor| EOHnano2019

No public OEL available: what are my options? In general: Use recommended health-based limit from e.g. SCOEL, Dutch Health Council, NIOSH, … Use OEL from other country Use DNEL (REACH) Derive own OEL Safe working practices (Arbocatalogus) Tools for qualitative risk assessment (e.g. control banding tools) For nanos: Safe working practices (Guidance document) Use recommended health-based exposure limits (e.g. NIOSH) NRV Evaluation of nano-tools for the shop floor| EOHnano2019

Nano Reference Values (NRV) NRV Class Description Examples NRV (2012) (8-hr TWA) 1 Rigid, biopersistent nanofibres for which effects similar to those of asbestos are not excluded SWCNT or MWCNT or metal oxide fibres for which asbestos-like effects are not excluded by manufacturer. 0.01 fibres/cm3 (= 10,000 fibres/m³) 2A Biopersistent granular nanomaterial in the range of 1 and 100 nm and a densitiy of > 6000 kg/m³ Ag, Au, CeO2, CoO, Fe, FexOy, La, Pb, Sb2O5, SnO2 20,000 particles/cm³ 2B Biopersistent granular and fibre form nanomaterials in the range of 1 and 100 nm and a densitiy of <6000 kg/m³ Al2O3, SiO2, TiN, TiO2, ZnO, nanoclay, Carbon Black, C60, dendrimers, polystyrene, Nanofibres for which asbestos-like effects are excluded 40,000 particles/cm³ 3 Non-biopersistent granular nanomaterials in the range of 1 and 100 nm e.g. fats, common salt (NaCl) Applicable OEL for the non-nano form Based on OEL for asbestos Pragmatic values, based on urban background concentrations and particle size vs density (IFA, Germany) NOT health-based! Evaluation of nano-tools for the shop floor| EOHnano2019

Evaluation of Nano Reference Values Dutch NRVs were established in 2012 Since then, knowlegde on toxicity of NM has increased Several proposals for nano-specific OELs (overview: Mihalache et al 2016) Increasing knowledge on grouping of NM Increasing knowledge on occupational exposure to process-generated nanoparticles (PGNPs) en nano-fraction in conventional materials (FCNPs) Dutch public (=binding) OEL for asbestos decreased from 10,000 to 2,000 fibers/m3 >>> Should we update the NRV? Evaluation of nano-tools for the shop floor| EOHnano2019

Evaluation of NRV: conclusions NRV Class Description Examples NRV (2012) (8-hr TWA) 1 Rigid, biopersistent nanofibres for which effects similar to those of asbestos are not excluded SWCNT or MWCNT or metal oxide fibres for which asbestos-like effects are not excluded by manufacturer. 0.01 fibres/cm3 (= 10,000 fibres/m³) 2A Biopersistent granular nanomaterial in the range of 1 and 100 nm and a densitiy of > 6000 kg/m³ Ag, Au, CeO2, CoO, Fe, FexOy, La, Pb, Sb2O5, SnO2 20,000 particles/cm³ 2B Biopersistent granular and fibre form nanomaterials in the range of 1 and 100 nm and a densitiy of <6000 kg/m³ Al2O3, SiO2, TiN, TiO2, ZnO, nanoclay, Carbon Black, C60, dendrimers, polystyrene, Nanofibres for which asbestos-like effects are excluded 40,000 particles/cm³ 3 Non-biopersistent granular nanomaterials in the range of 1 and 100 nm e.g. fats, common salt (NaCl) Applicable OEL for the non-nano form Will be decreased to 2000 fibers/m3 Will be replaced by health-based limit values for groups of NM in the (near) future and expanded to include PGNPs/FCNPs No update required Evaluation of nano-tools for the shop floor| EOHnano2019

Some Tools for risk assessment of NM Evaluation of nano-tools for the shop floor| EOHnano2019

Evaluation of nano-risk assessment tools for the shop floor Which tools can be found? What kind of tools are they? (e.g. control banding, risk management, sampling strategy) Evaluation of: Accessibility Field of application (e.g. worker, environment) Knowledge needed to use the tool (layman, expert level?) Ease of use (time spent, difficulty to obtain data) Quality Inventarisation Identification Evaluation - Concise - In-depth Evaluation of nano-tools for the shop floor| EOHnano2019

Evaluation of nano-risk assessment tools for the shop floor 40 tools were identified 16 tools were thoroughly evaluated Transparancy: no overall score Score per theme: accessibility, ease of use, user knowledge level, area of application, quality of the tool. Each theme is built of sub-scores, for which criteria are described in detail Evaluation of nano-tools for the shop floor| EOHnano2019

Example: scoring of Quality Quality score consists of: Input parameters (what kind? How many? Which Pchem/ hazard / exposure parameters?) Type of assessment (qualitative? (semi)quantitative?) Type of output (what kind? Recommendations for risk management measures?) Is the tool validated and calibrated? Hierarchy of risk measures followed? Insuffcient Good Evaluation of nano-tools for the shop floor| EOHnano2019

Example: scoring of Quality Score Criteria Insufficient quality Validation Clear and thorough description of the method and/or relation to relevant literature Developed by international authority Hiearchy of RMMs followed Moderately sufficient quality +/- Clear and thorough description of the method and/or relation to relevant literature Sufficient quality +/- Validation +/- Clear and thorough description of the method and/or relation to relevant literature Good quality Hierarchy of RMMs followed Evaluation of nano-tools for the shop floor| EOHnano2019

Some examples of evaluated tools: Anses CB Nanotool CB Nanotool Nanomaterials in the laboratory (DGUV) Nanosafer 1.1beta Precautionary matrix SCAFFOLD Stoffenmanager nano Good Nano Guide Guidance on the protection of health … (EC) Guidenano Licara Nanoscan Nano to Go Nanoreg2 NanoRiskApp Safe handling and use of carbon nano tubes Evaluation of nano-tools for the shop floor| EOHnano2019

How to get these results to the shop floor? Evaluation of nano-tools for the shop floor| EOHnano2019

Web-application “NanoToolSelector” Evaluation of nano-tools for the shop floor| EOHnano2019

Web-application “NanoToolSelector”

Web-application “NanoToolSelector”

Thank you for your attention Maaike Visser | EOHnano 2019