Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Chapter Three

Assessing Psychological Disorders Case Study: Frank Clinical Assessment Diagnosis Key Concepts in Assessment Reliability Validity Standardization

Clinical Interview Mental Status Exam Appearance & Behavior Thought Processes Mood & Affect Intellectual Functioning Sensorium

Physical Exam Behavioral Exam Observation ABC’s Informal vs. Formal Self-Monitoring

Psychological Testing Projective Tests Rorschach TAT Personality Inventories MMPI Meyer’s Briggs Intelligence Testing Stanford Binet WAIS & WISC

MMPI Clinical Scales 1 Hs Hypochondriasis Concern with bodily symptoms 32 2 D Depression Depressive Symptoms 57 3 Hy Hysteria Awareness of problems and vulnerabilities 60 4 Pd Psychopathic Deviate Conflict, struggle, anger, respect for society's rules 50 5 MF Masculinity/Femininity Stereotypical masculine or feminine interests/behaviors 56 6 Pa Paranoia Level of trust, suspiciousness, sensitivity 40 7 Pt Psychasthenia Worry, Anxiety, tension, doubts, obsessiveness 48 8 Sc Schizophrenia Odd thinking and social alienation 78 9 Ma Hypomania Level of excitability 46 0 Si Social Introversion People orientation 69

MMPI Validity Scales CNS “Cannot Say” Questions not answered L Lie Client “faking good” F Infrequency Client “faking bad” (in first half of test) K Defensiveness Denial/Evasiveness Fb Back F Client “faking bad” (in last half of test) VRIN Variable Response Inconsistency answering similar/opposite question pairs inconsistently TRIN True Response Inconsistency answering questions all true/all false

Neuropsychological Testing Neuroimaging False positives & False Negatives Neuroimaging CT Scan PET Scan & MRI’s

Psychophysiological Assessment EEG GSR Biofeedback

Diagnosing Psychological Disorders Idiographic Strategy Nomothetic Strategy Classification Issues Classical Categorical Approach- what the diagnosis is based on the agreed-upon criteria (checklist) Dimensional Approach- severity (individual presentation and experience of the disorder and its aspects) Prototypical Approach- combination of the above two Reliability & Validity- will someone else diagnose the same disorder, and does the diagnosis predict any future behaviors or experiences

Diagnosing (cont.) DSM-V Creating a Diagnosis ICD-10 (Chapter V)- International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems- mental and behavioral disorders- as classified by the WHO Criticisms Labeling Creating a Diagnosis Changes from the DSM-IV-TR