Introduction There are an estimated 11 million unauthorized illegal aliens living in the U.S. Some estimates are significantly higher than that. Immigration enforcement made a national priority after 9/11 Blame fell on the former Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) for failing to track students not complying with the student visa program All terrorist involved with 9/11 were in the U.S. on student visas INS’s ineffectiveness highly criticized Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

History Homeland Security Act (November 25, 2002) Abolished INS March 2, 2003 Transferred its functions to three Department of Homeland Security (DHS) agencies Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS) Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) ICE is the largest branch of the DHS First director, Julie Meyers controversial Accusations of cronyism in the Bush administration Meyers did not meet ICE statutory requirements and became appointed despite senate and law enforcement opposition Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

History (Cont’d) Nearly $6 billion budget 20,000 employees in over 400+ offices in the U.S. Primary mission of ICE: To promote public safety and national security by deterring illegal immigration, preventing immigration-related crimes, and removing persons who entered the U.S. illegally Two principle operating components of ICE: 1) Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) 2) Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

History (Cont’d) ICE’s mission has expanded, including a wide variety of criminal enforcement efforts that may be connected to terrorism E.g., money laundering, weapons trafficking, child pornography, cyber crimes, identity theft, and the theft of cultural property Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

Organization and Personnel ICE consists of: Director’s Leadership Offices Office of Public Affairs (OPA) Committed to outreach to the media, telling the story of ICE, and building public support for ICE’s mission Office of Congressional Relations (OCR) Handles outreach to Congress and promoting greater understanding of ICE operations, policies, and programs among members of Congress, Congressional committees and their staffs Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

Organization and Personnel (Cont’d) Director’s Leadership Offices (Cont’d) Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) The largest legal program in the DHS and provides legal advice, training and service in cases related to the ICE mission, and is the legal representative for the U.S. government in exclusion, deportation, and removal proceedings Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR) Upholds DHS standards for integrity and professionalism by investigating allegations of employee misconduct, inspecting and reviewing ICE offices, operations and processes Also oversees agency’s detention functions to ensure compliance with agency standards Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

Organization and Personnel (Cont’d) Director’s Leadership Offices (Cont’d) Office of Detention Policy and Planning (ODPP) Responsible for designing a detention system that meets ICE’s unique needs as well as reforming the current system through long term improvements and providing detainees with appropriate medical care Office of State, Local and Tribunal Coordination (OSLCT) Responsible for building, improving and coordinating with state, local, and tribal governments, law enforcement agencies, and non-governmental organizations Three primary investigation and operation offices ERO, HSI, and Management and Administration (M&A) Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

ERO Prioritized apprehension of criminals who threaten security to the nation Transports and manages aliens held in custody Provides legal resources to groups and individuals who are to be deported Sub-offices and programs of ERO: ICE Health Service Corps Provides medical care and public health services to more than 15,000 detainees in transit or housed in one of 24 designated facilities throughout the nation, and oversees medical care to an additional 17,000 detainees Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press. All rights reserved.

The full set of 446 slides is available upon adoption The full set of 446 slides is available upon adoption. If you are a professor using this book for a class, please contact Beth at bhall@cap-press.com to request your slides