DENTAL ANOMALIES Anomaly- defined as something that is noticeably different or deviates from the norm.

Dental anomalies Are deviations of dental tissue origin— Dental tissues are enamel, dentin or cementum

These anomalies can result from: Intrinsic factors Extrinsic factors

Intrinsic factors Result of heredity, metabolic dysfunction, or mutations

Extrinsic factors Result of physical or chemical trauma, biologic agents, nutritional deficiencies, stress, habits or environmental conditions.

Hereditary Congenital—condition that occurs at or before birth Familial tendency- if a condition exists due to evidence of an inherited tendency Developmental anomaly- a condition that results during the formation and development of a dental structure.

Classification of Dental Anomalies Macrodontia-teeth are too large Microdontia- teeth are too small Hyperdontia- extra teeth Anodontia- too few teeth Total anodontia- no teeth are present at all Partial anodontia- less than the normal number of teeth are present.

Most common missing permanent teeth are: Third molars More often the maxillary thirds more than the mandibular thirds.

Second most common missing permanent teeth are: Maxillary lateral incisors

Third most common missing tooth is: Mandibular second premolar

Least likely permanent tooth to be missing is: The canines

Hyperdontia Supernumerary teeth

Mesiodens- supernumerary teeth in the midline of maxillae.

Maxillary supernumerary teeth outnumber mandibular. Shapes of supernumerary teeth: Regular tooth shape- supplemental Cone-shaped- conical Very small in size- tubercle

Hyperdontia Distomolars- are called fourth molars and are located distal to the maxillary third molars.—these occur more frequently in the Maxillary then Mandibular arch. Paramolar- a supernumerary tooth situated buccally or lingually to a molar.

ANOMALIES IN SHAPE Odontoma-tumorous anomaly of calcified dental tissues

Dens in Dente The outer surface of the tooth crown invaginates or turns itself inward before mineralization— Means, “tooth within a tooth”

Discoloration of enamel due to excessive amount of fluoride.

Notched incisors-result of prenatal syphilis.

Result of congenital syphilis—poorly formed cusps.

DENTIN IS GRAY, BROWN OR YELLOW—TOOTH HAS AN UNUSUAL TRANSLUCENT HUE DENTIN IS GRAY, BROWN OR YELLOW—TOOTH HAS AN UNUSUAL TRANSLUCENT HUE.-PULP CHAMBERS AND ROOT CANALS ARE COMPLETELY FILLED IN WITH DENTIN.

Tetracycline staining A condition that occurs when an expectant mother or a young child with tooth crowns are still developing takes tetracycline. The teeth discolor and the color ranges from yellow to brown or grayish blue.