Chapter 15 Section 1 Postwar Uncertainty Objective: Analyze the scientific, artistic, social, & technological changes that took place during the 1920s & the impact they had on the world Vocabulary: Albert Einstein, Theory of Relativity, Sigmund Freud, Existentialism, Friedrich Nietzsche, Surrealism, Jazz, & Charles Lindbergh

A New Revolution in Science German born Albert Einstein offered startling new ideas on space, time, energy, & matter Theory of Relativity: Einstein’s ideas about the interrelationships between time & space & between energy & matter Austrian physician Sigmund Freud treated patients with psychological problems He believed that much of our human behavior is irrational (part of your unconscious) People began to question traditional beliefs that there would be progress Have you every done something without thinking about it?

Literature in 1920s Disillusioned by war, many people feared the future & expressed doubts about traditional religious beliefs Some writers & thinkers expressed their anxieties by creating disturbing visions of the present & the future Existentialism: philosophy based on the idea that people give meaning to their lives through their choices & actions Friedrich Nietzsche believed society should return to the values of pride, assertiveness, & strength You were never meant to do anything, it was the choices that you made that led you to that action Give me an example of someone you or other people might think was put on earth do a particular thing

Revolution in the Arts Artists wanted to depict the inner world of emotion & imagination rather than show realistic representations of objects Pablo Picasso founded Cubism Surrealism: an art movement that sought to link the world of dreams with real life Jazz: developed by musicians, mainly African- Americans, in major cities in the U.S. New Oreleans, Memphis, & Chicago Capture the new freedom of the age

Society Challenges Convention World War I had allowed women to take on new roles After the war, women’s suffrage became law in many countries including the U.S., Britain, Germany, Sweden, & Austria Although women still followed traditional paths of marriage & family; a growing number spoke out for greater freedoms in their lives American women gained the right to vote in 1920 Women wore shorter, looser garments, & had their hair cut short “bobbed” Women began to work in medicine, education, journalism, & other professional jobs Why did more women believe that they could fight for these rights? What major event allowed them to “try” out these professional jobs

Technological Advances Improve Life The war’s technological advances were put to use to improve transportation & communication after the war Car prices dropped & the middle class could afford cars Charles Lindbergh captured world attention by traveling solo across the Atlantic from New York to Paris In the early 1920s Commercial Radio & Motion Pictures became major industries 33 hour solo flight Amelia Earhart

Chapter 15 Section 2 A Worldwide Depression Objective: Compare postwar Europe, the Weimar Republic, & the causes & effects of the Great Depression Vocabulary: Coalition Government, Weimar Republic, Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt, & New Deal The United States & Japan came out in a better financial system after the war.

Postwar Europe The Great War left every major European country nearly bankrupt Russia fell to a Communist dictatorship Coalition Government: temporary alliance of several parties to form a parliamentary majority to stabilize governments Frequent changes made long term goals impossible Voters were often willing to sacrifice democratic governments for strong authoritarian leadership

The Weimar Republic Weimar Republic: government established in Germany in 1919 Millions of Germans blamed the republic for their postwar humiliation To pay the expenses of war, Germany simply printed more money Paper money eventually lost its value The Dawes Plan had American banks invest in Germany & stabilize German currency German’s economy started producing more & after some agreements was implemented into the League of Nations Germany was ruled originally by a monarchy & not use to any democratic traditions In 1918, a loft of bread cost less than a mark In 1922 it cost about 160 marks In 1923, it cost 200 billion marks They set up a realistic schedule for Germany’s payment

Check for Understanding Why did Germany have to pay for the expenses of WWI? Was this fair? Sentence Starter: Germany had to pay for the expenses of World War I because ___________. This was fair/unfair because ______________.

Financial Collapse Several weaknesses in the U.S. economy caused serious problems Store owners couldn’t sell goods, factories reduced production & laid off workers Agricultural production drove prices up but profits down In the United States, people bought stocks on the margin October 29th 1929, Black Tuesday, a record 16 million stocks were sold & the market collapsed What is a company you would invest in? People panic and sold all their shares

The Great Depression Great Depression: severe economic slump that followed the collapse of the U.S. stock market in 1929 Thousands of businesses failed & banks closed 9 million people lost the money in their saving accounts when banks had no money to pay them By 1933, ¼ of all American workers had no jobs The collapse of the American economy sent shock waves to European economies as well World Trade dropped 65% Banks also invested money in the stock market & lost it

Check for Understanding What would you do if the bank closed & you lost your entire savings account? Who would you blame? Sentence Starter: I would ____________ if I lost my entire saving account because _______. I would blame ______ because ___________.

The World Confronts the Crisis Depression hit Great Britain hard but they were able to preserve its democracy France was more self sufficient but 1 million French workers were unemployed Franklin D. Roosevelt: elected in 1932 FDR’s confident manner appealed to million of Americans New Deal: FDR’s economic reform program designed to solve the problems created by the Great Depression