Drug Information Resources Lecture 5 Kanar Hidayat

Purpose DIR (Drug Information Resources) is a useful drug and health guide for pharmacists and other health care professionals

Different types of DIR To determine different types of sources is depending on the originality of the information and proximity to the source of information. Primary Resources Secondary Resources Tertiary Resources http://hsl.lib.umn.edu

Primary Resources This type of resource is original material/ information which is not changed. Is written by author(s) own words. Which means is a type of literature which other researches are based on the information or the material given from this type of literature. It consists of clinical research studies and reports, both published and unpublished

Primary Resources Original research articles Conference Papers Theses Many kinds of study designs Clinical trials Cohort studies Case series Case reports Conference Papers Theses Patents

Primary Resources Advantages: Current information and original It could be the only source of information for a new drug. Many articles undergo “peer-review process”.

Primary resources Disadvantages Misleading conclusions based on one trial Time needed to evaluate large volume of literature available Limited in capacity Complex, hard to interpret Current information needs time for acceptance throughout medical community

Secondary resources This type of source is indexing (giving bibliographic citation information) or abstracting the primary literature Most of this type are accessible online. Search limitation could be by language, year of publication, type of journal or type of article.

Secondary resources Examples Pubmed Toxline International Pharmacy Abstracts National Cancer Institute Cinahl Cochrane database of systematic reviews Pharmacy letter Embase Google Scholar Medline: National Library of Medicine

Secondary resources Advantages: Quick access to the primary literature Many primary resources consult to write 1 article The journal resources are peer reviewed and of high standard

Secondary Resources Disadvantages Each database is different in the time between publication and addition in to the secondary sources. The number of journals are different in each system depends on the available database Because of the large amount of information, one must be proficient in searching of useful information needed.

Tertiary resources This type of literature include primary and secondary literature information which has been collected and distilled. Drug information is generally well- established information which is accepted and approved by the FDA ( Food and Drug Administration)

Tertiary Resources Examples Textbooks Compendia Encyclopedias Reference books Other general information that might be found on the internet

Tertiary Resources Advantages: Convenience and accessible Fast and Easy to use Citations to primary and secondary sources Information is well accepted in medical practice. ( undergo reviewing)

Tertiary Resources Disadvantages less current information Incomplete information due to space restrictions and incomplete literature search by the author Possible errors in translation, human bias, incorrect interpretation of information or lack of capability of authors.

Questions?