Warm-Up: Interesting Inventors Match the individual with their Industrial Revolution invention. Write the letter of the invention next to the number of the individual. Be prepared to go over this worksheet in 15 minutes!

Chapter 12.3 Notes: The Growth of Industry

What is happening in this photo What is happening in this photo? Write down 3 details and a clever headline!

Terms Industrial capitalism- economic system in which individuals continually reinvest profits & expand businesses. Interchangeable parts- production method using identical, easy-to-assemble parts. Division of labor- production technique in which each worker does one specialized task. Partnership- business owned by two or more entrepreneurs who share management, profits & losses.

Corporation- business organization that is owned by stockholders who buy shares and is run by professional managers. Depression- economic situation characterized by a business slump and unemployment. Capitalism : a way of organizing an economy so that the things that are used to make and transport products (such as land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) are owned by individual people and companies rather than by the government

“The Workshop of the World” Great Britain tried to keep industrial monopoly. Parliament passed laws to keep workers & machines in Great Britain. 1820’s- many skilled workers left Great Britain. British industrialists got wealthy by spreading industrial revolution to other countries.

Industrialization did not take hold in other countries until 1870. SPREAD OF INDUSTRY Industrialization did not take hold in other countries until 1870. Exceptions- France, Germany & United States. France- growth slow. Napoleonic wars depleted workforce. Scientists. Mining & railroad construction grew. Germany- factories, railroads (1839). 1840’s- coal, iron & textile industries. United States- shoe & textile industries in New England. Coal mines & iron works in Pennsylvania. 1870- U.S. one of world’s three most industrialized countries along with Great Britain & Germany.

MASS PRODUCTION 1800’s- Eli Whitney introduces interchangeable parts. Increased factory production. 1809- Frederick Taylor introduces the division of labor. Divide tasks into a step-by-step procedure. Used in factories. Increased Efficiency: Workers made products on a conveyor belt. Method called an assembly line. Henry Ford used assembly line method to mass produce Model T automobiles.

Businesses were dependent on one another. Business Cycles Businesses were dependent on one another. Example- demand for cars would expand petroleum industry. Bad conditions in one industry could spread to other industries. Business cycle- alternating periods of business expansion & decline. Expansion- when companies are buying, selling, production & employment is high. Expansion over- activities decline. Lowest point is called a - depression.

SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS Communications: Long distance connections! 1830’s- Samuel Morse: American inventor- telegraph & Morse code. 1895- Gugliemo Marconi: Italian inventor- wireless telegraph, later modified to radio. 1876- Alexander Graham Bell: American inventor- telephone. Bell Marconi Morse

SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS con’t Electricity: 1900’s- electrical power harnessed & used for industrial fuel. 1831- Michael Faraday, British chemist/physicist. Experiments- magnet through a coil of wire produced current. 1870’s- electric motor devised on this principle. 1877- Thomas Edison, American inventor- phonograph player. 1879- Invents incandescent light bulb. Makes electric lighting cheap and accessible.

SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS con’t Energy & Engines 1880’s- Gottlieb Daimler, German engineer- Redesigned internal combustion engine to run on gasoline. Rudolf Diesel, German engineer oil-burning internal combustion engine for industrial plants, ocean liners & locomotives. Development of motorcar helped by these inventions. 1890’s- German Ferdinand von Zeppelin- streamlined dirigible to carry passengers. 1903- Americans Wilbur & Orville Wright- first successful flight of motorized aircraft. Flew 120 feet. 5 years later- 100 miles. Need for fuel & rubber for tires caused growth in Innovations & inventions changed life dramatically.

Wrap-Up The technology of the Industrial Revolution: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntCVmHENyOA\ Horrible Histories: https://vimeo.com/14027652