SS8H9 – The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politically.

Lesson Six (SS8H9a) – The student will describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II to include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor. WORLD WAR II Political and economic conditions in Europe and throughout the world after World War I led directly to World War II: 1. The Treaty of Versailles, ending World War I, was particularly harsh on Germany and many Germans came to blame western Europe and America for their hardships. 2. The Great Depression spread, causing unemployment and low economic activity in many nations throughout the world, including Germany, Italy, and Spain. SS8H9 – The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politically.

Lesson Six (SS8H9a) – The student will describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II to include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor. WORLD WAR II Just as America turned to Roosevelt as a means to recover from the Depression, many European nations began to turn to fascist dictators who promised to end the Depression. Dictator: individual who ruled a country through military strength • Germany – Adolf Hitler • Japan – Hideki Tojo • Italy – Benito Mussolini SS8H9 – The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politically.

World War II Begins 1938: Hitler’s Germany attacks France to “take back” land lost in WWI (Rhineland) Hitler sent troops to take over Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. Great Britain and France declared war. Soviet Union invaded nearby countries and agreed to split Poland with Germany. By 1940, Hitler controlled Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg and a large part of France and began bombing Great Britain.

The Axis powers quickly gained the upper hand in the war, Lesson Six (SS8H9a) – The student will describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II to include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor. WORLD WAR II The Axis powers quickly gained the upper hand in the war, conquering much of Europe and the Pacific…but the United States chose to remain neutral in the conflict. VS. The Axis: • Germany • Japan • Italy (Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria) The Allies: • Great Britain • France • Soviet Union (U.S., Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, Yugoslavia)   SS8H9 – The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politically.

A Neutral United States Hitler turned on Stalin in 1941 and invaded the Soviet Union which led the USSR to join the Allies. • Though the U.S. was neutral, Roosevelt wanted the democratic nations of Europe (mainly France and Great Britain) to survive.

WORLD WAR II Several events began to draw America into the war: Lesson Six (SS8H9a) – The student will describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II to include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor. WORLD WAR II Several events began to draw America into the war: The Lend-Lease Act: • In 1941, Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act, lending supplies to any country whose defense was critical to U.S. security, in exchange for bases on Greenland and Iceland. • The U.S. ultimately provided the Allies with $50 billion in supplies. • Lend-Lease was able to allow the U.S. to support the Allies without committing U.S. troops. SS8H9 – The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politically.

WORLD WAR II Japanese Aggression in Asia: Lesson Six (SS8H9a) – The student will describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II to include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor. WORLD WAR II Japanese Aggression in Asia: • Tensions between the United States and the Empire of Japan increased because of Japanese conquests of China, Thailand, and Indochina. President Roosevelt stopped exports of oil, airplanes, aviation gasoline and metals to Japan, to protest its expansion into other countries. SS8H9 – The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politically.

The Attack on Pearl Harbor: Lesson Six (SS8H9a) – The student will describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II to include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor. WORLD WAR II The Attack on Pearl Harbor: • Sunday, December 7, 1941, shortly before 8 A.M., the Empire of Japan launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. • The attack came in two waves and lasted for over two hours. It crippled the U.S. Pacific fleet, sinking or damaging 8 battleships, 13 other ships, 188 planes, and killing 2,400. SS8H9 – The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politically.

The Attack on Pearl Harbor: Lesson Six (SS8H9a) – The student will describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II to include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor. WORLD WAR II The Attack on Pearl Harbor: • The attack Pearl Harbor was the greatest attack in the history of the U.S., until the 9-11 terrorist attacks. • Japan hoped to destroy the fleet giving them control of the Pacific Ocean. • The following day, December 8, 1941, the U.S. Congress declared war on Japan. SS8H9 – The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politically.

American Military Forces Millions enlisted after the attack on Pearl Harbor. 330,000 women joined, but could not serve in combat. Segregation in the military meant African American and white service men were in different units. Tuskegee Airmen: famous African American flyers of the Army Air Force After the war, women and African Americans did not want to go back to the life they had before the war.

The War in Europe 1942-1943: British and Americans won control of Africa. 1943: Mussolini overthrown and Italy joined Allies American General Dwight D. Eisenhower coordinated the plan to recapture Europe. D-Day: June 6, 1944 – Allied forces land in northern France at Normandy. Early 1945: Germans were pushed out of France. April 1945: Soviet and American troops meet in Germany. Hitler commits suicide. May 8, 1945: “V-E Day” Germany surrenders unconditionally.

The Holocaust The Holocaust: name of the Nazi plan to kill all Jewish people, and others deemed “undesirable.” 6 million Jewish people were killed in the Holocaust; approximately 5 million other “undesirables” also killed. Auschwitz, Buchenwald, Dachau, Treblinka, Bergen-Belsen were infamous concentration camps where Jews and others were executed.

The War in the Pacific 1942: Japan expanded territory in the Asian Pacific region. 1945: Allies began to retake Japanese controlled lands. Japan refused to surrender. President Truman authorized use of atomic bombs to force Japan’s surrender. Enola Gay: plane that dropped first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan (70,000 - 100,000 people died). Japan surrendered after a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki (killed about 40,000 and injured 40,000) August 15, 1945 – Japan surrendered ending WWII. Over 50 million people died in the war.

Lesson Six (SS8H9a) – The student will describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II to include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor. WORLD WAR II The attack at Pearl Harbor brought the enormous military might of the U.S. into the war: • On June 6, 1944, the U.S. led the D-Day invasion of Nazi occupied Europe. • By May 8, 1945, Hitler was dead and Nazi Germany surrendered to the Allies. • By August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered to the Allies after the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. SS8H9 – The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politically.

Georgia’s and WWII

Roosevelt’s Ties to GA President Roosevelt visited Georgia often at his “Little White House” in Warm Springs. His polio symptoms were eased in the mineral springs. April 24, 1945: President Roosevelt died at Warm Springs. Vice President Harry Truman became president.

Richard Russell and Carl Vinson Richard Russell – US Senator from GA; worked to bring over a dozen military bases to GA. These military bases helped to bring jobs and resources to the state. Carl Vinson – US Representative from GA; helped expand the US Navy in the years leading up to World War II. Many new ships were built at the Savannah and Brunswick shipyards. Before the US joined the war he helped supported helping our allies through support of the Lend-Lease Act.

Georgia Participation - World War II Farmers grew needed crops (and tripled their income). Goods such as gasoline, meat, butter, and sugar were rationed. Students bought war bonds and defense stamps to pay for the war. POW (prisoner of war) camps were located at some GA bases. Brunswick and Savannah Shipyards supplied ships for the US Navy. Bell Aircraft built B-29 Bomber planes in Marietta.

Economic Impact Demand for military uniforms created a greater need for textile mills in the state. Liberty bonds were sold throughout the state to finance the war effort. Georgia’s railroads were used to get soldiers and war materials to the state’s many military camps.

Military Camps/Bases 320,000 Georgians joined the armed forces . Georgia’s bases trained tens of thousands of soldiers for battle. Military bases brought new populations to the state and provided an economic boost for cities located near these military bases. Fort McPherson: South of Atlanta; housed German prisoners (POWs); a major military hospital for wounded soldiers Camp Gordon: In Augusta, served as the training post for the Army Souther Field: In Americus; trained the nation’s first military pilots

What do you remember about…World War II? Lesson Six (SS8H9a) – The student will describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II to include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor. What do you remember about…World War II? 1. At the start of the war, the Allied powers were ____________. 2. The Axis powers were _____________________________. 3. The leader of Nazi Germany was _____________________. 4. The U.S. provided the Allies with supplies through the ______. 5. The U.S. entered World War II after ___________________. 6. The attack on Pearl Harbor occurred on ________________. 7. The nation that attacked the U.S. at Pearl Harbor was _____. 8. Japan surrendered after the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on ____________ and ___________. 9. FDR’s Little White House was located in _________, GA. 10. Shipyards in ______ and ________ built ships for the Navy. 11. Richard B. Russell was a US __________ and helped bring ____________ to Georgia. 12. ____________ served in the US House of Representatives and helped get contracts for ______ in Brunswick and Savannah. 13. Three ways Georgians participated in the war from home: 14. Two ways military bases helped the state of Georgia: SS8H9 – The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politically.