Cardiovascular calcification in patients with chronic renal failure: Are we on target with this risk factor?  Peter A. Mccullough, Sandeep Soman  Kidney.

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Cardiovascular calcification in patients with chronic renal failure: Are we on target with this risk factor?  Peter A. Mccullough, Sandeep Soman  Kidney International  Volume 66, Pages S18-S24 (September 2004) DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.09008.x Copyright © 2004 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Relative risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in the St. Francis Heart Study of 5585 subjects without kidney disease, who underwent electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) calcium scoring and were followed for 4.3 years. Data from reference50. Kidney International 2004 66, S18-S24DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.09008.x) Copyright © 2004 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 The attenuation of progression of coronary calcification that can be achieved with statin therapy. EBT, electron beam tomography. EBT 1–2 is untreated, EBT 2–3 is the annual change on statin therapy with an LDL-C <100 mg/dL. Reproduced with permission from reference18. Kidney International 2004 66, S18-S24DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.09008.x) Copyright © 2004 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 The natural history of an atherosclerotic plaque. In the advanced stages, the plaque is thought to be lipid poor, heavily calcified, and potentially stable with lower rates of coronary artery disease (CAD) events than earlier in life. Reproduced with permission from reference26. Kidney International 2004 66, S18-S24DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.09008.x) Copyright © 2004 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Stabilizing effect of vascular calcification in aortic atherosclerosis on the outcome of future vascular events (stroke, retinal artery occlusion, myocardial infarction, peripheral embolism, bowel infarction, and death from a vascular cause, including sudden death). Reproduced with permission from reference52. Kidney International 2004 66, S18-S24DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.09008.x) Copyright © 2004 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

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