Articles of Confederation Weaknesses of the Articles Why did they make the Articles gov’t weak on purpose? Why didn’t the founders include an executive branch? How was the Northwest Territory land important to approving the Articles gov’t How did the Philadelphia riots expose problems with the Articles gov’t How did the Shays Rebellion expose problems with the Articles gov’t Why would states raise taxes on their citizens during this time period (I mean, they’d just gotten mad at Parliament FOR taxes!)

Constitutional Convention Who was at the Constitutional Convention? Where was the Constitution written? What did delegates agree upon early in the Convention? Why is James Madison called the “Father of the Constitution”? Why was secrecy important to the members of the Constitutional Convention?

Constitutional Convention Explain the elements of the Virginia Plan, and be able to compare them to the elements of the New Jersey Plan Who liked the Virginia Plan and why did they like it? Who liked the New Jersey Plan and why did they like it? How did the founders solve the “representation” issue for Congress? What would have happened if the Great Compromise never occurred? Why did the Convention need to determine how much a slave was “worth”?

How the Government Works What are the three branches of government? What are the main jobs of the 3 branches? (chart on next page) How is the Constitutional gov’t Congress stronger than the Articles’ Congress? Describe the differences between the Senate and the House of Representatives What are the terms of office for each branch? (chart on next page) What are the qualifications for members of each branch? (chart on next page) What does “checks and balances” or “balance of power” have to do with our 3 branches of government? Why were some people opposed to ratifying the Constitution? What were they called? How does the Constitution improves upon the Articles of Confederation government?

Executive Legislative Judicial Main Job Term of Office Qualifications

KEY Vocabulary Commerce Ratify Federal Another word for business To approve something, like the Constitution Another word for national or central government Congress Amend Sovereign To change something, like a document To be in control; to hold political power Our law-making body, made up of 2 chambers

Vocabulary Commerce Ratify Federal Another word for business To be in control; to hold political power Our law-making body, made up of 2 chambers To change something, like a document To approve something, like the Constitution Another word for national or central government Congress Amend Sovereign

Vocabulary Congress Commerce Amend Another word for business To be in control; to hold political power Our law-making body, made up of 2 chambers To change something, like a document To approve something, like the Constitution Another word for national or central government Ratify Sovereign Federal

Vocabulary Ratify Congress To be in control; to hold political power Another word for business To be in control; to hold political power Federal Our law-making body, made up of 2 chambers To change something, like a document To approve something, like the Constitution Another word for national or central government Amend Sovereign Commerce

KEY States are sovereign. Sovereignty is divided between the sates and the federal government. No federal courts -all laws enforced by state courts Separate judicial branch for the federal courts system No separate executive branch. No president. Separate executive branch, chosen by an electoral college Congress has NO power to regulate commerce with other nations or among states. Congress is allowed to regulate commerce with other nations and among the states. Congress has NO taxing power. Congress has the power to tax. Congress consists of 2 bodies, the House of Representatives and the Senate. House of Reps.=# of representatives is based on state’s population Congress consists of 1 chamber. Each state has 1 vote. Both federal government and state governments have powers (although central government has more than the states) State governments have much more power than the federal government. Constitution can be amended with approval of ¾ of the states. Can be amended with approval of all states

Sovereignty is divided between the sates and the federal government. States are sovereign. Separate judicial branch for the federal courts system No federal courts -all laws enforced by state courts No separate executive branch. No president. Separate executive branch, chosen by an electoral college Congress has NO power to regulate commerce with other nations or among states. Congress is allowed to regulate commerce with other nations and among the states. Congress has the power to tax. Congress has NO taxing power. Congress consists of 2 bodies, the House of Representatives and the Senate. House of Reps.=# of representatives is based on state’s population Congress consists of 1 chamber. Each state has 1 vote. Both federal government and state governments have powers (although central government has more than the states) State governments have much more power than the federal government. Constitution can be amended with approval of ¾ of the states. Can be amended with approval of all states

Sovereignty is divided between the sates and the federal government. States are sovereign. Separate judicial branch for the federal courts system No federal courts -all laws enforced by state courts No separate executive branch. No president. Separate executive branch, chosen by an electoral college Congress has NO power to regulate commerce with other nations or among states. Congress is allowed to regulate commerce with other nations and among the states. Congress has the power to tax. Congress has NO taxing power. Congress consists of 2 bodies, the House of Representatives and the Senate. House of Reps.=# of representatives is based on state’s population Congress consists of 1 chamber. Each state has 1 vote. Both federal government and state governments have powers (although central government has more than the states) State governments have much more power than the federal government. Constitution can be amended with approval of ¾ of the states. Can be amended with approval of all states

Sovereignty is divided between the sates and the federal government. States are sovereign. Separate judicial branch for the federal courts system No federal courts -all laws enforced by state courts No separate executive branch. No president. Separate executive branch, chosen by an electoral college Congress has NO power to regulate commerce with other nations or among states. Congress is allowed to regulate commerce with other nations and among the states. Congress has the power to tax. Congress has NO taxing power. Congress consists of 2 bodies, the House of Representatives and the Senate. House of Reps.=# of representatives is based on state’s population Congress consists of 1 chamber. Each state has 1 vote. Both federal government and state governments have powers (although central government has more than the states) State governments have much more power than the federal government. Constitution can be amended with approval of ¾ of the states. Can be amended with approval of all states

KEY President Congress Justices

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES KEY ENFORCE LAWS PRESIDENT COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF PASS/VETO LAWS CONGRESS MAKE LAWS SENATE SENATOR 100 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES REPRESENTATIVE 435 9 JUSTICE INTERPRET LAWS SUPREME COURT FINAL SAY COURTS JUDGES

KEY 35 years old 4 year terms Native born citizen $400,000 President White House Congress Capitol $175,000 Citizen for 9 years 30 years old 6 year terms 25 years old 2 year terms Citizen for 7 years $140,000 No limit No limit Justices Supreme Court

KEY PRESIDENT/ ENFORCES LAWS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF REGULATE TRADE INTERPRETS LAWS CABINET COLLECT TAXES CREATES LAWS APPOINTS SUPREME COURT JUDGES, FEDERAL JUDGES & CABINET MEMBERS GRANTS PARDONS TO CRIMINALS CONGRESS CAN DECLARE LAWS UNCONSTITUTIONAL SELECTED BY ELECTORAL COLLEGE NEGOTIATES TREATIES APPROVES PRESIDENTAL APPOINTMENTS PRINTS MONEY SELECTED BY POPULAR VOTE SUPREME COURT REPRESENTS USA DECLARES WAR

White House Supreme Court $140,000 Capitol $175,000 25 years old $400,000 35 years old Citizen for 9 years No limit Citizen for 7 years 30 years old Native born citizen Justices 4 year terms Congress 6 year terms President 2 year terms No limit

$400,000 $175,000 $140,000 25 years old No limit 35 years old 30 years old Citizen for 9 years Citizen for 7 years Native born citizen Justices President No limit Congress 6 year terms 4 year terms 2 year terms Supreme Court Capitol White House

$140,000 $400,000 $175,000 30 years old No limit 25 years old 35 years old Citizen for 9 years Citizen for 7 years Congress Native born citizen Justices President 6 year terms No limit 4 year terms 2 year terms Capitol White House Supreme Court

President Justices Congress

Justices President Congress

Congress Justices President

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 100 PASS/VETO LAWS JUSTICE SENATOR SUPREME COURT MAKE LAWS FINAL SAY ENFORCE LAWS CONGRESS JUDGES COURTS 435 REPRESENTATIVE SENATE 9 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PRESIDENT COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF INTERPRET LAWS

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COURTS CONGRESS 9 INTERPRET LAWS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF MAKE LAWS ENFORCE LAWS 435 FINAL SAY 100 SENATE SENATOR JUDGES PASS/VETO LAWS REPRESENTATIVE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JUSTICE SUPREME COURT PRESIDENT

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ENFORCE LAWS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF SENATOR INTERPRET LAWS CONGRESS MAKE LAWS FINAL SAY REPRESENTATIVE JUSTICE COURTS 435 JUDGES PASS/VETO LAWS PRESIDENT SENATE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 9 SUPREME COURT 100

FEDERAL JUDGES & CABINET MEMBERS GRANTS PARDONS TO CRIMINALS CONGRESS PRESIDENT/ COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF ENFORCES LAWS REGULATE TRADE INTERPRETS LAWS CABINET COLLECT TAXES CREATES LAWS APPOINTS SUPREME COURT JUDGES, FEDERAL JUDGES & CABINET MEMBERS GRANTS PARDONS TO CRIMINALS CONGRESS CAN DECLARE LAWS UNCONSTITUTIONAL SELECTED BY ELECTORAL COLLEGE NEGOTIATES TREATIES APPROVES PRESIDENTAL APPOINTMENTS PRINTS MONEY SELECTED BY POPULAR VOTE SUPREME COURT REPRESENTS USA DECLARES WAR

CAN DECLARE LAWS UNCONSTITUTIONAL COLLECT TAXES PRESIDENT/ COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF REPRESENTS USA DECLARES WAR INTERPRETS LAWS CABINET CAN DECLARE LAWS UNCONSTITUTIONAL COLLECT TAXES APPOINTS SUPREME COURT JUDGES, FEDERAL JUDGES & CABINET MEMBERS GRANTS PARDONS TO CRIMINALS CONGRESS SELECTED BY POPULAR VOTE SELECTED BY ELECTORAL COLLEGE APPROVES PRESIDENTAL APPOINTMENTS ENFORCES LAWS PRINTS MONEY CREATES LAWS SUPREME COURT NEGOTIATES TREATIES REGULATE TRADE

SELECTED BY POPULAR VOTE PRESIDENT/ COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF ENFORCES LAWS REGULATE TRADE DECLARES WAR CABINET COLLECT TAXES CREATES LAWS GRANTS PARDONS TO CRIMINALS CONGRESS SELECTED BY POPULAR VOTE SELECTED BY ELECTORAL COLLEGE APPROVES PRESIDENTAL APPOINTMENTS CAN DECLARE LAWS UNCONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATES TREATIES INTERPRETS LAWS PRINTS MONEY APPOINTS SUPREME COURT JUDGES, FEDERAL JUDGES & CABINET MEMBERS SUPREME COURT REPRESENTS USA