Cells and Energy!! Part 1

Processes in this chapter occur as a cycle or sequence

Objectives: 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP Explain how ATP and ADP are related Describe how ATP is made

Key Concept: All cells need chemical energy Main Idea #1: The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP Main Idea #2: Organisms break down carbon-based molecules to produce ATP Main Idea #3: A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and photosynthesis as a source of energy ATP carries energy

1.Plants & Algae use photosynthesis to store chemical energy in sugars 2. Animals eat these organisms to get this chemical energy All cells need chemical energy Photosynthetic organisms also produce the oxygen that is required to release much of the chemical energy in sugars

Main Idea #1: The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds. Starch molecule Glucose molecule

ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions. Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed. ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is added. phosphate removed ATP is a full wallet ADP is an empty wallet

Main Idea #2: Organisms break down carbon-based molecules to produce ATP Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken down to make ATP. not stored in large amounts up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule triphosphate adenosine diphosphate tri=3 di=2 Food doesn’t contain ATP, first food is digested and food is broken down where smaller molecules are used to make ATP # of ATP molecules made depends on the kind of molecule being broken down- carbohydrate, lipid, or protein