NaCl  Na+ + Cl- 1 M 1 M 1 M [Na+] = 1 M [Cl-] = 1 M - - - - - - O O - H + - + + H H - O Concentration: - Molarity – Ion Concentrations When ionic substances dissolve, the M of the resulting solution can be described different ways … NaCl  Na+ + Cl- 1 M 1 M 1 M + - + [Na+] = 1 M Also written as … - + - [Cl-] = 1 M - + - +

MgCl2  Mg+2 + 2 Cl- 1 M 1 M 2 M [Mg+2] = 1 M [Cl-] = 2 M Concentration: Molarity – Ion Concentrations When ionic substances dissolve, the M of the resulting solution can be described different ways … MgCl2  Mg+2 + 2 Cl- 1 M 1 M 2 M [Mg+2] = 1 M Also written as … [Cl-] = 2 M

Al(OH)3  Al+3 + 3 OH- 1 M 1 M 3 M [Al+3] = 1 M [OH-] = 3 M Concentration: Molarity – Ion Concentrations When ionic substances dissolve, the M of the resulting solution can be described different ways … Al(OH)3  Al+3 + 3 OH- 1 M 1 M 3 M [Al+3] = 1 M Also written as … [OH-] = 3 M

Al2(SO4)3  2 Al+3 + 3 SO4-2 0.5 M [Al+3] = 1 M [SO4-2] = 1.5 M Concentration: Molarity – Ion Concentrations When ionic substances dissolve, the M of the resulting solution can be described different ways … Al2(SO4)3  2 Al+3 + 3 SO4-2 0.5 M [Al+3] = 1 M [SO4-2] = 1.5 M

Other Types of Mixtures: 1. Suspensions -Temporary, can be homogeneous, but eventually settling will occur and they become heterogeneous -Particle size is > 500 nm -No IM force is strong enough to keep large particles dispersed uniformly

2. Colloids An intermediate state between solutions and suspension Particle size is between 2 and 500 nm Homogeneous mixtures For most, some IMF is still at work, and the particles are small enough to remain suspended permanently

2. Colloids An intermediate state between solutions and suspension

2. Colloids An intermediate state between solutions and suspension Solids or liquids suspended in a gas are called aerosols

2. Colloids An intermediate state between solutions and suspension

2. Colloids An intermediate state between solutions and suspension Sols are solids suspended in liquids or other solids

2. Colloids An intermediate state between solutions and suspension

2. Colloids An intermediate state between solutions and suspension Foams are gases suspended in liquids or solids

2. Colloids An intermediate state between solutions and suspension

2. Colloids An intermediate state between solutions and suspension Two normally immiscible liquids are made to mix by adding an emulsifying agent Emulsifying agents are molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions!

2. Colloids Emulsifying agents are molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions!

Emulsifying agents are molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions! 2. Colloids Oil (nonpolar) Emulsifying agents are molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions!

Model Drawing Practice: For any substances below that are soluble in water, draw a model that shows the correct orientations of the solute-solvent particles while in aqueous solution. HF(g) KBr(s) CH2O(g) SiC(s) SO2(g) Fe(s) Also answer the follow-up questions.