“Characteristics of Suspended Sediment and Flow in Downstream of Mekong River, Southern Vietnam” 5/22/2019 Duong Thai Bang (M2) (Supervised by Prof. Maki Tsujimura)

Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 Suspended sediment roles Study area & Objectives

Study area SS: suspended sediment Literature Review Methods Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 Suspended sediment roles Study area & Objectives SS: suspended sediment Study area

non-linear power fit with additive constant and log-linear fit. Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 Numeric Hysteric Nikita I. Tananaev, 2015. Sediment rating curves for the Indigirka River at Vorontsovo, obtained using non-linear power fit, non-linear power fit with additive constant and log-linear fit.

SSC: Suspended sediment concentration Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 Numeric Hysteric SSC: Suspended sediment concentration Sun et al, 2015. example of SSC-Discharge hysteresis loop Q (m3/s) SSC (mg/L) C Sediment source A Sediment source B Sediment discharge (2) (1) (3) (1) + (2) (3) (4)

Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 Data & survey Methods River Sea Positive direction is from the river to the sea ADCP (acoustic doppler current profiler) Longphu water stage Longphu ADCP instrument measurement Cantho Collum velocity measurement SS Sampler

ABS: Acoustic backscatter (db) Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 Data & survey Methods ABS: Acoustic backscatter (db)

Deposit area Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 SS deposition Spatial Temporal Deposit area

Sampling Colum for SSC (mg/L) Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 SS deposition Spatial Temporal SSC distribution on the transect - Gary R. Wall , New York – USGS 2006. “Use of an ADCP to Compute Suspended– Sediment Discharge in the Tidal Hudson” Sampling Colum for SSC (mg/L) 10 (m)

Dry season SS distribution Flood season SS distribution Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 SS deposition Spatial Temporal SSC distribution on the transect Acoustic backscatter on transect (db) 10 (m) SSC 300 (mg/L) Dry season SS distribution Flood season SS distribution 10 (m) 10 (m) 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 (m) Mix flow Tidal dominate flow River dominate flow Mix flow 10 (m) Tidal dominate flow 10 (m) River dominate flow 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 (m)

Positive direction is from the river to the sea Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 SS deposition Spatial Temporal Water Velocity Model Positive direction is from the river to the sea

SSC & Water Velocity Model Dry season Flood season Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 SS deposition Spatial Temporal SSC & Water Velocity Model Dry season Flood season (6) (2) (3) (6) (4) (5) (1) (4) (3) (5) (2) (1) Positive direction is from the river to the sea

Deposit area Positive direction is from the river to the sea Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 SS deposition Spatial Temporal Positive direction is from the river to the sea Deposit area

Deposit area Flood peak Dry peak Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 SS deposition Spatial Temporal Deposit area Dry peak Flood peak Positive direction is from the river to the sea

Suspended sediment deposits in the middle of the area; Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 Suspended sediment deposits in the middle of the area; SSC distribution is strongly related to the river and tidal flow; SS flow in from upstream at Cantho transect both dry and flood season; At Longphu (downstream transect), in dry season, SS flow in the area. In flood season SS flow out of the area; Monthly SS deposits in the study area varies from 0.4 to 2.3 million tons/ month. There are two peak at April (1.7 million ton) and August (2.3 million ton).

Introduction Literature Review Methods Results & Discussion Conclusions 5/22/2019 References Arruda, J. A. (1983). The Role of Suspended Sediments in the Nutrition of Zooplankton in Turbid Reservoirs. Asselman, N. (2000). Fitting and interpretation of sediment rating curves. J. Hydrol, 234:228–248. Chaffin, J. D. (2013). Nitrogen Constrains the Growth of Late Summer Cyanobacterial Blooms in Lake Erie. Duvert. (2010). Drivers of erosion and suspended sediment transport in three headwater catchments of the Mexican Central Highlands. Geomorphology, 123:243–256. Eder, A. S. (2010). Comparative calculation of suspended sediment loads with respect to hysteresis effects. J. Hydrol., 389:168–176. Fang, N. S. (2015). Discharge and suspended sediment patterns in a small mountainous watershed with widely distributed rock fragments. J. Hydrol, 528:238–248. Horowitz, A. 2. (2003). An evaluation of sediment rating curves for estimating suspended sediment concentrations for subsequent flux calculations. . Hydrol. Process, 17:3387–3409. . Horowitz, A. C. (2014). The effects of sample scheduling and sample numbers on estimates of the annual fluxes of suspended sediment in fluvial systems. Hydrol. Process. Kisi, O. 2. (2004). Daily suspended sediment modelling using a fuzzy differential evolution approach. Hydrological Sciences Journal . Lemckert, W. a. (2002). Sediment resuspension within a microtidal estuary/ embayment and the implication to channel management. Journal of Coastal Research. Robertson., M. (2006). Effect of suspended sediment on Freshwater Fish and Fish habitat. Rovira. (2015). Suspended sediment load at the lowermost Ebro River (Catalonia, Spain). Quat. Int., 388:188–198. Sun. (2015). Suspended sediment dynamics at different time scales in the Loushui River, south-central China. Catena. Wall, G. R. (2006). Use of an ADCP to Compute Suspended–Sediment Discharge in the Tidal Hudson River, New York. USGS Publications. Walling. (2013). The evolution of sediment source fingerprinting investigations in fluvials systems. J Soils Sediments, 13:1658–1675. Zhang. (2017). Mechanisms of suspended sediment restoration and bed level compensation in downstream reaches of the Three Gorges Projects (TGP). J. Geogr. Sci.