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Vocabulary Quiz – Indian Independence

Modern China

The establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 began a new period in Chinese history. Communists had risen to power during the 1930’s and 1940’s by appealing to a large part of the population and by achieving military superiority. Under the communist dictatorship of Mao Zedong, however, programs such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution had negative economic results and restricted people rights and freedoms. The Big Idea

Today, China is the most populated nation in the world Today, China is the most populated nation in the world. There are two China’s however. The People’s Republic of China – The Communist State on the Asian mainland. It has a vast land area and many natural resources. Taiwan (a.k.a. the Republic of China) – a small island that today is one of the Asian Tigers. It has a non-communist government. The People’s Republic still considers Taiwan a part of China proper. Efforts to reunite the two China’s have sometimes led to tension because Taiwan values it’s’ independence. Two Chinas

Communists Rise to Power Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek) had taken over the Nationalists Party after the death of Sun Yixian. In the mid-1920’s, Jiang began to strike at the Communist party, which he saw as a threat to his leadership. Mao Zedong emerged as the leader of the Communist in the 1930’s. Along with 100,000 of his followers, Mao fled the Nationalist forces in 1934 in a retreat known as the Long March. After traveling more than 6,000 miles, Mao set up a base in Northern China with about 20,000 survivors of the march. In the years that followed, the Communists, the Nationalists, and the Japanese invaders battled for control. After WWII, civil war continued. Finally, in 1949, Mao’s Communists were victorious. Jiang and his followers fled to the island of Taiwan. Communists Rise to Power

Reasons for the Communist Success There were several reasons for the victory of Mao and the Communists over Jiang and the Nationalists. Mao won the support of the huge peasant population of China by promising land to peasants. Mao won the support of women by rejecting the inequalities of traditional Confucian society. Mao’s army made for good use of hit & run guerilla warfare. Many people opposed the Nationalist government, which they saw as corrupt. Some people felt that the Nationalist had followed foreigners to dominate China.

Communism under Mao Zedong The Communists set up the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. They wanted to transform China from an agricultural society into a modern industrial nation. Under communism, literacy increased, old landlord and business classes were eliminated, and rural Chinese were provided healthcare. However, Mao set up a one-party dictatorship that denied people basic rights and freedoms.

The Little Red Book The Quotations from Chairman Mao, 426 in total, were culled from the numerous writings in which Mao had set out to signify Marxism-Leninism over the years. Mao was styling himself as the sole theoretician of Chinese communism, on a par with, and later even superseding, Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin. As a result of Mao's (re-)interpretations of the Marxist Classics, his writings became known as Mao Zedong Thought. The Quotations were first published in 1961 for use in the People's Liberation Army under Lin Biao.

When we look at the development of Modern China, we look at… The Revolution of 1911 & The Struggle for control of China The Communist Revolution of 1949 Changes to China Under Mao The Changing Role of Women The Great Leap Forward The Cultural Revolution

From Dynasty to Communism… A - Global 10R 2006 - 2007\China Little Red Book.doc Modern China Reading.pdf You will have 20mins to complete your ‘Little Book!’ Those who are done must complete the reading on the Chinese Civil war!

Putting the ‘Little Book’ to use! How did the rule of Moa Zedong (Chinas Communist Leader) affect China politically, socially, and economically? A - Global 10R 2006 - 2007\Mao Zedong Exit Slip.doc

Mao’s BIG Accomplishment: U.S. Recognition The Cold War was raging in 1949. Consequently, the United States had refused to recognize the People’s Republic of China. In the Korean War, Communist China and the United States took opposing sides. By the 1970’s, however, this situation was changing. China won admission to the United Nations in 1971, and President Nixon visited Mao Zedong in Beijing in 1972. In 1979, the United States officially recognized the People’s Republic of China.

Bringing it all to life… www.morningsun.org China under Mao Zedong The Revolution of 1911 & The Struggle for control of China The Communist Revolution of 1949 Changes to China Under Mao The Changing Role of Women The Great Leap Forward The Cultural Revolution

The BIG DIEA of China under Mao The Communists, under Mao Zedong, rose to power in China after World War II. Their appeal to peasants and to women, their superior army, and lack of support for the Nationalists led to victory for the Communists. The communist government severely restricted the rights and freedoms of most Chinese. Violations of human rights have often made relations between China and the United States most difficult.

In 1976, Mao Zedong dies. Deng Xiaoping took control In 1976, Mao Zedong dies. Deng Xiaoping took control. His leadership brought more economic freedom but little political change.

Economic Reforms: The 4 Modernizations! Farming  methods are modernized and mechanized Industry  Upgraded and expanded Science and Technology  Promoted and developed Defense – systems and military forces are improved

More Economic Reforms Foreign Investment  Limited Privatization  Deng sets up special zones where foreign can own and operate businesses Limited Privatization  Gets rid of Communes Farmers can lease small pieces of land from government

Results of Economic Reform Positives Economy grew Some enjoyed a better standard of living Foreign relation and trade improve Negatives Corruption Widen of the gap between rich and poor Rise in demand for political freedom

The government was willing to grant economic reforms but not political ones. In May 1989, demonstrators in Beijing occupied Tiananmen Square, demanding more rights and freedoms. When they refused to dispersed as ordered, the government sent in troops and tanks. Thousands of Chinese were killed or wounded. The incident showed how important it was for China’s communist leaders to maintain control. Order was more important than political freedom. During the 1990’s, efforts were made to force China to end human rights violations. However, these efforts had limited effects. Tiananmen Square

Return of Hong Kong In 1842, Britain had gained the island of Hong Kong, off the northern coast of China. During the years that Hong Kong was under British rule, it modernized and became wealthy. In the 1980’s, Britain and China decided that Hong Kong would return to Chinese rule in 1997. China agreed not to change Hong Kong’s social or economic system fro 50 years and to allow the island a degree of self rule. The island was turned over to China on July 1st, 1997.

Violations of Human Rights in China Why was Wang Dan imprisoned? How was Wang Dan treated after his release? Why was he later imprisoned again in 1995? How were Wang Dan’s rights violated? Toy Company A How have toy companies violated rights in China?

Exit Slip (To be able to leave you must show Inforna ) In your agenda OR on a piece of paper What are three things you must do in regards to Global 10R class, before our next meeting.