Sound & Light.

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Presentation transcript:

Sound & Light

Production of Sound Waves Sound Waves are produced when something vibrates. This vibration causes the medium (like air and water) around it to vibrate These vibrations are longitudinal waves which we can hear. Compressions: areas of high pressure and high density of air molecules Rarefactions: areas of low pressure and low density of air molecules

Sound frequencies Frequency: the number of cycles per second. Pitch: a measure of how high or low a sound is perceived to be, depending on the frequency. (directly related) Audible sound waves: 20 Hz < f < 20,000 Hz (depending on age and experiences with loud noises) Infrasonic Waves: f < 20 Hz Ultrasonic Waves: f > 20,000 Hz Dogs can hear ultrasonic waves! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNf9nzvnd1k

Speed of sound waves Depend on the medium substance and temperature. (how quickly can one particles transfer its motion to another particle) Substance Can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. Sound generally travels fastest through solids because the particles are closer together. Temperature At high temperatures, particles collide more frequently, so sound waves can travel faster than a lower temperatures. (most noticeable for gases) d

Speed of Sound in Various Media Medium v (m/s) Gases Air (0°C) 331 Air (25°C) 346 Air (100°C) 366 Helium (0°C) 972 Hydrogen (0°C) 1290 Oxygen (0°C) 317 Liquids at 25°C Methyl alcohol 1140 Sea water 1530 Water 1490 Solids Aluminum 5100 Copper 3560 Iron 5130 Lead 1320 Vulcanized Rubber 54 𝒗=𝒇λ Speed of sound in air at STP: 331 m/s Standard Temperature: 0°C Standard Pressure: 1 atm

Waves travel in all directions .

The Doppler Effect An observed change in frequency when there is relative motion between the source of waves and an observer. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4OnBYrbCjY