Unit 1: English Colonial Development This unit addresses the colonization of North America by the British, Dutch, and French & looks at interaction between Europeans and Native Americans Unit Vocabulary New Amsterdam Virginia Company Quebec House of Burgesses Mercantilism Powhatan Transatlantic Trade Bacon’s Rebellion Middle Passage Half-Way Covenant Benjamin Franklin King-Phillips War Social Mobility Salem Witch Trials The Great Awakening

Unit 1: English Colonial Development I. Virginia A. Jamestown - 1st permanent colony by Virginia Company B. Established the House of Burgesses (1st legislative body) C. Tobacco became the economic savior of Virginia 1. Social divisions – land owners vs. Non-land owners 2. Labor intensive – grew dependent on slavery D. Chieftan Powhatan – combined local tribes 1. Positive and negative interaction with Natives 2. Poor whites & blacks combined for Bacon’s Rebellion 2

Unit 1: English Colonial Development II. New England Colonies A. Settled by Puritans/Pilgrims beginning in Massachusetts 1. “city on a hill” philosophy = Strict religious beliefs – not tolerant a. Rhode Island was formed by religious dissenters (Roger Williams) B. Church membership equals community power 1. Personal conversions & church membership drops over time 2. Puritans adopt Half-way covenant to increase membership C. King Phillip’s War 1. Wompanoag leader “Metacom” leads combined N.A. against New England settlers. 3

Unit 1: English Colonial Development D. The Salem witch trials 1. 150 trials resulting in hanging of 19 people, 6 died in prison 2. causes – extreme religious faith, class envy, role of women in Puritan society 3. “the rock on which the theocracy shattered” – George Burr III. Mid-Atlantic Colonies A. William Penn, a Quaker, settled Pennsylvania B. The Dutch settled New Amsterdam 1. Later conquered by British – renamed New York 2. Diverse population, religious free, focus on trade because of harbor and water system. 4

Unit 1: English Colonial Development IV. What about the French? A. Quebec was their first permanent colony B. The French spread Catholicism and began good fur trade V. Mercantilism (positive balance of trade) Fixed amount of wealth Great Britain Trans-Atlantic Trade “AKA”: Triangular Trade  traded: Rum, fruits, fur, tobacco, slaves France Spain Dutch Wealth 5

Unit 1: English Colonial Development VI. Growth of the African Population A. Always a need for labor – slave labor seemed best B. Most slaves located in southern colonies C. Sea voyage was called the Middle Passage VII. Ben Franklin & Social mobility A. Rags to riches story – part of American fabric 1. Key aspect is “individualism” - sought to improve himself 6

Unit 1: English Colonial Development VIII. The Great Awakening A. Church attendance had declined, society had grown corrupt B. Changed the definition of a “Christian” – personal relationship C. Traveling preachers revived America to biblical doctrine. 1. George Whitfield – best known preacher 2. More emotional services, less “stuffy” church services 7

Jamestown

House of Burgesses

Virginia

Mass. colonies

Metacom Puritan settlement

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