Internal Forces that Shape the Earth (Plate Actions)

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Presentation transcript:

Internal Forces that Shape the Earth (Plate Actions)

Vocabulary Lithosphere- the solid rock portion of the Earth’s surface. Hydrosphere-the waters compromising the Earth’s surface, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers and vapor in the atmosphere. Atmosphere-the layers of gasses immediately surrounding the Earth. Biosphere-all the parts of the Earth where the plants and animals live. Included is the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere.

Plate tectonics The movement of tectonic plates upon the Earth

Ring of Fire

Tsunami

Hot Spot

Convergent Boundaries What occurs? Plates collide

Subduction One plate slides beneath another

Where: two ocean plates Trench and island chain TRENCH

Where: continental &ocean plates Landform: Trench and Mountains -trench created by subduction

Boundary: Two land plates collide Landform Created: Mountains

Divergent Boundary What Occurs? plates separate / spread apart

Where Occurs? Two ocean plates separate Landform = Mid ocean ridge

Where Occurs? Two land plates separate Landform = Rift Valley

Transform Boundary Where? Two plates slide against each other

Landform: Fault

IV. Earthquakes and volcanoes form along plate boundaries

External Forces that Shape the Earth

Weathering The breaking down of rock into sediment

Mechanical Weathering Physical actions that creates sediment

Root Action

Frost Wedging

Chemical weathering Chemical process that creates sediment

Carbonic Acid a. Water + Carbon dissolves limestone

b. Creates caves

Acid Rain

Erosion The carrying away of sediment

Wind

Loess Deposits of fine, windblown sediment

Water is the greatest agent of erosion

Ice (glaciers)

Glaciers form U-Shaped valleys

Moraines – ridges of rock and debris deposited by a glacier

Soil Creation Loess (soil composed of inorganic matter) Humus (soil composed of organic matter)

Wave Water that is driven by wind and/or swell. Can change the land/beach.

Tide Rise and fall of sea levels caused by effects of gravity exerted by the moon and sun and rotation of the Earth.

Current Water flow in rivers and the ocean that contribute to water erosion. The stronger the more sediment that is moved.