Integrated Circuits Computer Signals Chapter 17 Lesson 2

Integrated Circuits Electronic circuits that have been reduced in size and etched on the surface of tiny semiconductor chips

Integrated Circuit Different semiconductor substances are deposited on a silicon chip and then etched to produce resistors, diodes, and transistors Metal conductors on the top of the chip connect these various electronic components to form the circuit Wire leads allow for input and output connections

Integrated Circuit Wire leads connect the chip to the metal pins. The pins plug into or are soldered to other parts of the circuit.

IC Construction The circuit been photographically reduced in size, etched on a silicon chip, and placed in a protective plastic case

Computer Signals Computer signal voltage variation over short periods of time specific arrangement of pulses or waves used to carry data, or information Computer signals can be digital or analog

On-off signal like that produced by a rapidly flipping switch Digital Signal On-off signal like that produced by a rapidly flipping switch

A digital waveform as seen on an oscilloscope Digital Signal A digital waveform as seen on an oscilloscope

Gradually changes in strength like the output from a dimming switch Analog Signal Gradually changes in strength like the output from a dimming switch

An analog waveform as seen on an oscilloscope Analog Signal An analog waveform as seen on an oscilloscope

Scoping a Magnetic Sensor

Signal Frequency How fast a signal changes over time High-frequency signal short pulse width Low-frequency signal long pulse width

Measured in cycles per second (hertz) Signal Frequency Measured in cycles per second (hertz)

Voltage level present in the waveform Signal Amplitude Voltage level present in the waveform

Percentage of on-time compared to total cycle time Duty Cycle Percentage of on-time compared to total cycle time