Aerobic Respiration Section 9:2.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Fig. 7-2a, p.108. Fig. 7-2b, p.108 a All carbohydrate breakdown pathways start in the cytoplasm, with glycolysis. b Fermentation pathways are completed.
Advertisements

Objectives Contrast the roles of glycolysis and aerobic respiration in cellular respiration. Relate aerobic respiration to the structure of a mitochondrion.
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
CELLULAR RESPIRATION CHAPTER 9 SC B-3.2 Summarize the basic aerobic & anaerobic processes of cellular respiration & interpret the equation.
Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Respiration Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain and ATP Synthase.
Cellular Respiration 7.3 Aerobic Respiration.
Cellular Respiration – process in which cells make ATP (the energy storing molecule in cells) by breaking down organic compounds. (aka getting energy.
Aerobic Respiration Only occur in the presence of oxygen Two stages
The Krebs Cycle Biology 11 Advanced
How to Use This Presentation
Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration
Chapter 4 Cells and Energy Cellular Respiration. Cellular respiration  Process by which food molecules are broken down to release energy  Glucose and.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Cellular Respiration Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis.
Cellular Respiration Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration.
How Cells Release Chemical Energy Chapter 6. Organelles where aerobic respiration produces energy molecule ATP Mitochondrial diseases affect body’s ability.
Aerobic Respiration + The 1980s? Check it out! Check it out!
CELLULAR RESPIRATION The process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP.
Cellular Respiration Continued: The Citric Acid Cycle and Electron Transport Chain.
Metabolic Processes 2: Aerobic Respiration.  Basically refers to the catabolic (breaking down) pathways that require oxygen.  Summary reaction:  Substrate.
Cellular Respiration Chapter 7 Miss Colabelli Biology CPA.
Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration.
Cellular Respiration 8.3.
Cellular Respiration 101 by Leslie Patterson, M.S.
Chapter 7: Respiration Respiration: The release of stored energy (sugar). Usually involves oxygen (the reason we breath is to release energy from our food).
Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Cellular Respiration Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis.
Cellular Respiration.
Aerobic Respiration Section 9:2. Overview Krebs Cycle: In the presence of O2, Pyruvic Acid oxidizes, the reduction of NAD + to NADH, and FAD to FADH,
Ch 7 Cellular Respiration
School of Sciences, Lautoka Campus BIO509 Lecture 27: Respiration
Cell Respiration Bio Analyze photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of how energy is stored, released, and transferred within and between.
CH7: Cellular Respiration pg 131
Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Standardized Test Prep
Cellular Respiration Chapter 7 Miss Colabelli Biology CPA.
Cellular Respiration 8.3.
Begins with Glycolysis
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration Chapter 8 Starr Biology book
Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
The Krebs Cycle Biology 11 Advanced
Photosynthesis: Alternative Pathways
CH7: Cellular Respiration pg 131
Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration.
Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
By: Lindsay Koenig, Hannah Watson, and Kayleen Smith
Cell Respiration Topic 2.8 and 8.1.
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
How Cells Obtain Energy
Chapter 9– Respiration.
Preview Chapter 7 Multiple Choice Short Response Extended Response
AP Biology Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration.
Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration Releases Energy from Organic Compounds
What do we think of when we think of respiration?
(Also Called  Aerobic Respiration)
Cellular Respiration.
Energy in food is stored as carbohydrates (such as glucose), proteins & fats. Before that energy can be used by cells, it must be released and transferred.
Cell Respiration Bio Analyze photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of how energy is stored, released, and transferred within and between.
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy – Cellular Respiration
Presentation transcript:

Aerobic Respiration Section 9:2

Overview Krebs Cycle: the oxidation of glucose and the reduction of NAD+ to NADH. Electron Transport Chain: where NADH is used to make ATP. Krebs or the ETC. will not occur unless, CO2, H2O and O2 are ALL present.

Aerobic Respiration – Oxygen Present Occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotes and the cytosol of prokaryotes Pyruvic acid from glycolysis diffuses in from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix The space inside the inner membranes

outer mitochondrial membrane inner compartment outer compartment cytoplasm outer mitochondrial membrane inner mitochondrial membrane (see next slide) Fig. 7.5a, p. 114

CO2 is lost in this process and NAD is reduced to NADH and H+. Aerobic Respiration Pyruvic acid joins with coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl CoA – 2 carbons CO2 is lost in this process and NAD is reduced to NADH and H+.

Krebs Cycle A biochemical pathway that breaks down acetyl CoA producing CO2, hydrogen, and ATP. 5 steps to the Krebs cycle

Step 1 The 2-carbon acetyl CoA combines with a 4-carbon compound, oxaloacetic acid, to form a 6-carbon molecule, citric acid This step regenerates coenzyme A

PREPARATORY STEPS pyruvate coenzyme A (CoA) NAD+ NADH (CO2) CoA Acetyl–CoA KREBS CYCLE CoA oxaloacetate citrate H2O NADH H2O NAD+ malate isocitrate NAD+ H2O NADH fumarate a-ketogluterate FADH2 CoA FAD NAD+ NADH succinate CoA succinyl–CoA Fig. 7.6, p. 115 ATP ADP + phosphate group (from GTP)

Step 2 Citric acid releases a CO2 and a hydrogen to form a 5-carbon compound NAD+ accepts an H+ to become NADH and H+.

PREPARATORY STEPS pyruvate coenzyme A (CoA) NAD+ NADH (CO2) CoA Acetyl–CoA KREBS CYCLE CoA oxaloacetate citrate H2O NADH H2O NAD+ malate isocitrate NAD+ H2O NADH fumarate a-ketogluterate FADH2 CoA FAD NAD+ NADH succinate CoA succinyl–CoA Fig. 7.6, p. 115 ATP ADP + phosphate group (from GTP)

Step 3 The 5-carbon compound releases CO2 and H+ to form a 4-carbon compound. NAD+ is reduced again to NADH and One molecules of ATP is made

PREPARATORY STEPS pyruvate coenzyme A (CoA) NAD+ NADH (CO2) CoA Acetyl–CoA KREBS CYCLE CoA oxaloacetate citrate H2O NADH H2O NAD+ malate isocitrate NAD+ H2O NADH fumarate a-ketogluterate FADH2 CoA FAD NAD+ NADH succinate CoA succinyl–CoA Fig. 7.6, p. 115 ATP ADP + phosphate group (from GTP)

The 4-carbon compound releases hydrogen Step 4 The 4-carbon compound releases hydrogen The hydrogen forms with FAD+ to form FADH2. FADH is another electron acceptor.

PREPARATORY STEPS pyruvate coenzyme A (CoA) NAD+ NADH (CO2) CoA Acetyl–CoA KREBS CYCLE CoA oxaloacetate citrate H2O NADH H2O NAD+ malate isocitrate NAD+ H2O NADH fumarate a-ketogluterate FADH2 CoA FAD NAD+ NADH succinate CoA succinyl–CoA Fig. 7.6, p. 115 ATP ADP + phosphate group (from GTP)

The 4-carbon compound releases a hydrogen to REFORM oxaloacetic acid Step 5 The 4-carbon compound releases a hydrogen to REFORM oxaloacetic acid NAD+ is reduced again to NADH and H+

PREPARATORY STEPS pyruvate coenzyme A (CoA) NAD+ NADH (CO2) CoA Acetyl–CoA KREBS CYCLE CoA oxaloacetate citrate H2O NADH H2O NAD+ malate isocitrate NAD+ H2O NADH fumarate a-ketogluterate FADH2 CoA FAD NAD+ NADH succinate CoA succinyl–CoA Fig. 7.6, p. 115 ATP ADP + phosphate group (from GTP)

Glycolysis, produces 2 NADH and 2 pyruvic acid, 2 ATP. One molecule of glucose from glycolysis needs 2 turns of the Krebs to produce: Summary: 10 NADH, 2 FADH, 4 ATP, 4 CO2. The 10 NADH and 2 FADH (both electron acceptors) will drive the next stage of cellular respiration in the Electron Transport Chain.

Electron Transport Chain ATP is produced when NADH and FADH2 release hydrogen atoms, regenerating NAD+ and FAD+. This occurs along the lining of the inner membranes of the mitochondria.

Steps of ETC 1. Electrons from the hydrogens of NADH and FADH2 are passed along a series of molecules, losing energy along the way.

2. This energy pumps protons from the matrix to the other side of the membrane. A concentration gradient of protons is created across the inner membrane.

OUTER COMPARTMENT NADH INNER COMPARTMENT Fig. 7.7a, p. 116

3. This high concentration drives chemiosmosis ( ATP production) into the matrix. ATP synthase is located in the inner membrane. ATP is made as protons move down their concentration gradient in the mitochondria.

Oxygen’s Role Oxygen is the final electron acceptor, accepting electrons from the last molecule in the ETC. This allows ATP to continue to be synthesized. Oxygen also accepts the protons, part of the hydrogen atoms from NADH and FADH. This combination of electron, protons and oxygen forms WATER!!!!! O2 + e- +H- = H2O

ATP NADH INNER COMPARTMENT ADP + Pi Fig. 7.7b, p. 116

Energy Yield Per molecule of glucose, 38 ATP’s are produced. 4 in glycolysis and Krebs, 34 in ETC. 66% efficiency C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

1 Pyruvate from cytoplasm enters inner mitochondrial compartment. OUTER COMPARTMENT 4 As electrons move through the transport system, H+ is pumped to outer compartment. NADH 3 NADH and FADH2 give up electrons and H+ to membrane-bound electron transport systems. acetyl-CoA NADH Krebs Cycle NADH ATP ATP 5 Oxygen accepts electrons, joins with H+ to form water. 2 Krebs cycle and preparatory steps: NAD+ and FADH2 accept electrons and hydrogen stripped from the pyruvate. ATP forms. Carbon dioxide forms. ATP ATP free oxygen ADP + Pi INNER COMPARTMENT 6 Following its gradients, H+ flows back into inner compartment, through ATP synthases. The flow drives ATP formation. Fig. 7.5b, p. 114

Raw Materials of Photosynthesis Light reaction Dark Reaction C-A ATP NADPH O2 Co2 RuBP PGA PGAL Glucose

Important Raw materials Glycolysis Fermentation Glucose Pyruvic Acid 2 ATP NADH Pyruvic acid- reactant Lactic Acid Ethyl Alcohol NAD

Important raw materials in the Krebs Cycle E.T.C. Pyruvic acid – Acetyl CoA Acetyl-CoA – Oxaloacetic Acids- Citric Acid NADH and FADH 4 ATP CO2 NADH FADH 34 ATP Water