M-16A1 RIFLE

Eugene Stoner- known as the inventor/developer of the M-16A1 Rifle. Armalite Company- First manufacturer of AR-10 and AR-15. - Subsidiary of Fairchild Aircraft Manufacturing Company. Colt Manufacturing Company, Hartford Connecticut, USA- The present manufacturer of M16A1 and its other versions. AR 15- First name of M16A1 rifle and improved versions of AR 10. AR 10- The parent design of the M16A1.

XM 16- Another name for AR15 and is used to tag it during experimental stages. M-16A1- The first rifle of its kind and is the best rifle during that time. M-16A2- improved version of M-16A1. RO 635- The 9mm version of the M-16A1 rifle. XM-177EA1/A2- Submachine gun version of M16A1. It is often called the Baby Armalite. M-16A2 M4- Carbine version of M-16A2. M-16A3 M4- aka M-14A1. Latest version of the M-16A1 and its carbine version.

Parts of the M16 Rifle (5.56 mm)

3 Main Parts of the M16 Rifle: 3 Types of Weapons: 1. Hand Weapon 2. Shoulder Weapon 3. Crewsive Weapon 3 Main Parts of the M16 Rifle: 1. Upper Receiver Group 2. Lower Receiver Group 3. Bolt Carrier Assembly

General Characteristics: Characteristics of a rifle that permits the marksman to use the rifle while its butt is rested on the shoulder or thigh. Characteristics of a rifle wherein a loaded magazine can be inserted. Characteristics of a rifle wherein you need air to cool it. Magazine Fed Shoulder Weapon Air Cooled Characteristics of a rifle wherein the gas cylinder allows the gas to enter the bolt. Gas Operated The firer can make the rifle deliver either semi or fully automatic fire. Semi - Fully Automatic

UPPER RECEIVER GROUP- Directs the projectile upon firing. Flash Suppressor- located in front or at the mouth of the barrel. Barrel- a straight cylindrical metal tube. Hand Guard- a heat resistant material made up of fiber glass. Gas Tube- replaces the gas cylinder commonly used in conventional rifles. Carrying Handle- has windage knob and elevating mechanism. Forward Assist assembly- it permits the closing of the bolt manually if feeding is not done by the force of action of the buffer spring alone. Ejection Port- part of the rifle where the empty cartridge shell is thrown out from the receiver.

Ejection Port Cover or Dust Cover- is provided to prevent dirt, mud, or sand from getting into the ejection port. Charging Handle- is used to load or unload ammunition into or from the chamber. Slip Ring- holds the Hand Guard in place. Bayonet Stud- Part of the rifle where the bayonet is fixed. Bayonet Knife- it is being attached to the rifle when it comes to hand to hand combat. Sling- provides the means for shoulder carrying the rifle. Clamp Type Bipod- is used by the automatic rifleman while firing inside a foxhole. Rear Sight Drum- is used for windage adjustments, zeroes the weapon and engages target to 460 meters. Front Sight Assembly- is the adjustable click type post used for the elevation adjustment.

2 types of Range Settings: 1. Normal Range Setting- (7mm) the unmarked aperture for targets from 0-300 meters. 2. Long Range Setting- (2 mm) the aperture marked L for targets from 300-400 meters.

Lower Receiver Group- Provides firing control for the weapon and storage of basic cleaning materials. Buffer- holds the buffer spring in place. Buffer Spring- helps bringing back the bolt assembly to its initial position and lessens the effect of the recoil. Butt Compartment- it is designed with a butt plate cup which opens to receive the basic issue items or cleaning equipments. Rubber Recoil Pad- it is mounted on a butt of the stock wherein the rifle toe and heel is found. Stock- stabilizes the rifle. Bolt Catch- is used for locking the bolt open. Pistol Grip- to have a good grip on the rifle. Selector Lever- the weapon is designated for automatic and semi-automatic fire by usage of the selector lever.

Disconnector- mechanism installed so the firer can fire single round in the weapon. Trigger- controls the firing of the weapon. Trigger Guard- protects the trigger from destruction. Magazine Catch Button- removes the cartridge magazine from weapon when pushed. Magazine Well- the enlarged section at the rear of the barrel when cartridge is positioned for firing. Magazine- is a container used for holding the ammunition in readiness for chambering when engaged in firing.

Definition of Terms: Maximum Effective Range- the greates distance at which a weapon may be expected to fire accurately to inflict casualties or damage. Maximum Range- the greatest distance the projectile can travel. Cyclic Rate of fire- the maximum rate of fire at which a weapon fires automatically. Sustain Rate of Fire- this is the actual rate of fire that a weapon can continue to deliver for an indefinite length of time without serious overheating of the barrel

Tabulated Data: A. Weight: Lbs. 6.55 Rifle w/o Magazine and sling Empty Magazine (aluminum) 20 Rounds 0.20 0.25 30 Rounds Full Magazine 20 Rounds 0.70 1.01 30 Rounds 0.40 Sling M1 7.65 Rifle with Sling and Loaded Magazine 20 Rounds 7.96 Rifle with Sling and Loaded Magazine 30 Rounds Bipod M3 0.60 0.20 Bipod Case 0.60 Bayonet Knife M7 0.30 Scabbard, M8A1

b. Length Rifle with Bayonet Knife 44.25” Rifle with Flash Suppressor 39.00” Rifle without Flash Suppressor 38.00” Barrel with Flash Suppressor 21.00” Barrel without Flash Suppressor 20.00”

c. Firing Characteristics: Muzzle Velocity (approximate) 3,250 ft/sec 1,300 ft/sec Muzzle Energy (approximate) Chamber Pressure 52,000 psi Cyclic Rate of Fire 700-800 rds/min

d. Maximum Rate of Fire Automatic 150-200 rds/min Semi-Automatic 45-65 rds/min Sustain Rate of Fire 12-15 rds/min Maximum Range 2,653 m Maximum Effective Range 460 m Maximum Practical Range 300 m

e. Sight Radius 19.75” Front Sight- Adjustable click type post 1 click= 2.8cm/100 Rear Sight- Adjustable click type (windage adj.) 1 click= 2.8cm/100 f. Projectile 55 grains g. Caliber 5.56 mm, M193 (complete round) 179 grains h. Rifling 6 grooves i. Type of Breach of Mechanism Rotating Bolt

Ammunition Ballistics- a science that deals with the motion and flight characteristics of projectile. Trajectory- the flight of the bullet takes from the rifle to the target. Cartridge Case- part of the ammunition that comes out of the port after firing the rifle. Grooves- spiral channels cut in the bore of the rifle barrel. Round- unit of ammunition.

Types of Ammunition 1. Ball , M193- used for marksmanship training 2. Tracer, M196- used for observation of fire and signaling purpose with red tip. 3. Blank, M200- for stimulated fire, signaling and salute with violet tip. 4. Dummy, M199- use for training. 5. Armor Piercing- use against armored vehicles, protective shelter ad personnel. 6. Incendiary- for use against inflammable materials. 7. Armor-Piercing Incendiary- used in place either the armor piercing or incendiary. 8. Rifle Grenade Cartridge- use in propelling Grenade.

Cycle of Operation/ Functioning of the M16 Rifle 1. Feeding 5. Unlocking 2. Chambering 6. Extracting 3. Locking 7. Ejecting 4. Firing 8. Cocking Immediate Action- this involves quickly applying a possible correction to reduce stoppage base on initial observation or indicators without determining the actual cause. Stoppage- unintentional interruption of the cycle of operation.

SPORTS - A technique for assisting the soldier in learning proper procedure when the rifle jams. - Slap upon the bottom of the magazine. - Pull the charging handle to the rear. SPORTS -Observe the chamber for an ejection of the round. -Release the Charging Handle. -Tap the forward assist assembly. -Squeeze the trigger again.

Preparatory Marksmanship -all marksmanship training that takes place before live firing. Marksmanship- is the skillful art of shooting and hitting a target at a given or known distance. Elements of Marksmanship- essential or fundamentals of good shooting in marksmanship training. 1. Correct Sighting and Aiming 2. Correct Position 3. Correct trigger squeeze 4. Correct application of sustained fire and rapid fire 5. Knowledge of proper sight adjustment

Sight Alignment- when front and the rear sights are brought into correct adjustment with the eye. Sight Picture- The pattern seen by the rifleman when he aims the rifle. Two phases of Marksmanship training: 1. Preparatory 2. Range Practice

Sling Adjustments 1. Loop Adjustment- used in all position except standing. 2. Hasty Sling- mostly used in standing position. Trigger Squeeze- independent action of the forefinger straight to the rear, with uniform increasing pressure has been taken up so that the rifleman does not know the instant falling of the hammer.

Important things to Remember 1. Squeeze the trigger 2. Hold, aim and align accurately 3. Sequence in trigger squeeze Zeroing the Rifle Breathe - Characteristics by adjusting the rear sights. Relax BRASS Aim Slack Squeeze

Command: 1. All firers assume position 2. Mark your Position 3. Firers rise keep feet 4. Lock one round, stimulate load 5. Ready on right 6. Ready on left 7. Ready on firing line 8. Commence Fire 9. Cease Fire

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