What is Product DESIGN?

Every item around us has been designed!

Products are designed to meet human needs and wants

During the 70s The Sony Walkman was a Totally NEW product. Some are new ideas which create new markets During the 70s The Sony Walkman was a Totally NEW product. Sony Walkman

However, the majority of new products have evolved from existing products

Needs and wants of consumers Essential human needs What do we really need? Water, food, heat and shelter

This product turned out to be a best seller for BT at one time! Is there a genuine need for this product? Novelty telephone? Different people have different needs. This product turned out to be a best seller for BT at one time!

What do we like? Personal values. Express the sort of person we are. People have different tastes.

Which chair?

USP Unique Selling Points Only a handful of products become winners. If a new product is to succeed, it must have features that make it stand out from the competition. Every successful product through history has had UNIQUE SELLING POINTS USP Unique Selling Points

What Unique selling Points have made these products successful and market leaders?

What can we afford! We all want quality products at the right price. Many companies manufacture in the Far East especially China to reduce costs.

Many factors other than manufacturing affect the price of products:- Transportation costs Storage costs Packaging Advertising Exchange rates Energy costs

Market pull The market place creates consumer demand. Manufacturers can help to create that demand. Sony Walkman a good example of this. The technology had been around for a very long time. Sony had the idea that people would like to listen to cassette tapes while walking around.

Sony has sold 50 million Walkman's in different forms since 1970.

How many other personal products have developed because of the Walkman?

4P’s

Product Price Place Promotion When a company decides to market a product they will have to consider the 4 P’s. Product Price Place Promotion

PRODUCT Whatever the product it needs to sell; How does it compare with competition; How reliable is the product; What attributes or features should the product have based on market research intelligence; Is the product different to any other on the market? Is there an attempt to sustain brand loyalty; Product life cycle.

PRICE Price to fit the target market - Not necessary the cheapest on the market - the ipod is one of the best selling mp3 players on the market but one of the most expensive. Rate of growth; how quickly does the product sell, will the price have to be reduced during sales to boost sales?? Elastic demand- how much can the price change as a result of differing demand; What price will the market be willing to pay? Costs of production will have an effect on price of the product.

PLACE How will the product be distributed around the shops or businesses. Product reaches target market by being in right place at the right time; Point of Barbecues reaching the Target Audience before Christmas. Distribution may be thought of as a geographical factor problems with distances etc. What product sells in different parts of the country/continent; JIT; Just in Time - Products arriving at the selling place on time. Access to foreign markets; Positioning within store – end of aisle, eye level.

PROMOTION About image creation for the product and manufacturer; Sales push strategies; Coupons or money off pull strategies; Advertising media; TV, magazines, websites - Need to decide what times and in which magazines the product will be advertised. Realise what the Target Audience reads and watches. Publicity – often free – press releases ; Personal selling from home. Trade fairs and exhibitions.

What damage will the product have on the environment? Environmental issues What damage will the product have on the environment?

Environmental issues When manufacturing When using When disposing

Technology Push. Technological developments move very quickly and with the development of new technology, gives new opportunities for designers

How has Technology affected the development of the Mobile phone?

Roy Plunkett Problem!! What could it be used for?? Created a Polymer by accident and discovered that it was very heat resistant and nothing would stick to it. Problem!! What could it be used for??

Non Stick Cookware Coatings on Space Shuttle/Space suits – high resistance to heat

Microwave Second World War

Product development due to:- New technology New materials New processes Possible to make products now that were impossible to create a few years ago because of the above

PRODUCT EVOLVEMENT 1900’s Heated on the fireplace 1920s Heated with gas Wooden handle [Insulator]

PRODUCT EVOLVEMENT Heated with electricity 1930s Bakelite Handle [Insulator] Heated with electricity 1940s More use of plastics

PRODUCT EVOLVEMENT TODAY Heated with electricity Plastic Moulded Body Intricate smooth forms because of plastic moulding

PRODUCT EVOLVEMENT Electric kettle 2000s Electric kettle 1970s 1. Material 2. Shape 3. Technology What are the major changes?

PRODUCT EVOLVEMENT ipod Ipod’s have evolved over the years due to:- Material development Technology development – battery development, cheaper memory User needs/requirements

PRODUCT EVOLVEMENT Different users need different finishes

PRODUCT EVOLVEMENT Different users will use the product in a different way

PRODUCT EVOLVEMENT New Technology – able to view videos

PRODUCT EVOLVEMENT iphone Development of technology and the Internet

PRODUCT EVOLVEMENT Jonathan IVE imac

PRODUCT EVOLVEMENT

PRODUCT EVOLVEMENT Modern Materials Carbon Fibre Composites. Better than Steel – Strength to weight ratio

PRODUCT EVOLVEMENT SMART Materials Nitinol [Shape Memory Alloy]