U3f - L1 March 12, 2010 DRILL Copy the sentences in your notebook. Fill in the blanks using the terms below: _______ is how much space an object occupies. _______ is a force applied over an area. _______ is a system in which no fluid can enter or leave. 2. Pressure Closed System Volume 3. 1.

UNIT 3 – Engineering Design U3f - L1 UNIT 3 – Engineering Design Engineering, the systematic application of mathematical, scientific, and technical principles, produces tangible end products that meet our needs and desires. BIG IDEA

UNIT 3 – Engineering Design U3f - L1 UNIT 3 – Engineering Design Getting familiar with the Big Idea The Design Process Core Technologies Mechanical Technology Electrical Technology Reverse Technology Fluid Technology Thermal Technology Optical Technology Materials Technology SUB-UNITS

Fluid Technology PURPOSE OF SUB-UNIT U3f - L1 Fluid Technology PURPOSE OF SUB-UNIT To familiarize students with the functioning and applications of fluid technology systems.

Fluid Technology What is technology? U3f - L1 Fluid Technology What is technology? The application of knowledge, tools, and skills to solve problems and extend human capabilities. What is a technology system? A Technology System is a group of subsystems working together to solve problems and extend human capabilities.

Imagine: Fluid Technology U3f - L1 Fluid Technology There are several engineering resources (core technologies) that are the “building blocks” of all technology systems. We could store the core technologies on shelves We can go to those shelves and use technologies according to our needs in problem solving. Core Technologies Mechanical Structural Electrical Electronic Thermal Fluid Optical Bio-Tech Material Imagine:

What is Fluid Technology? U3f - L1 FLUID TECHNOLOGY What is Fluid Technology? The technology of using fluid, either gas (pneumatics) or liquid (hydraulic) to apply force or to transport. Example applications: Air brakes on a truck, Tires on a car, Airfoils on an airplane, Warm-air heating ducts, Hydraulic jack, Plumbing in a school Hydro-electric dam

Other applications of Fluid Technology… U3f - L1 FLUID TECHNOLOGY Other applications of Fluid Technology… Blood flow in capillaries (only a few micro-meters in diameters) Crude oil across Alaska through 800-mile-long, 4-ft diameter pipe Streamlined, smooth surfaces of airplanes for efficient air flight Dimpled, rough surfaces of golf balls for efficient flight Why does a stream of water from a faucet sometimes appear to have a smooth surface, but sometimes a rough surface? How does aerodynamic design of cars and trucks affect gas mileage?

FLUID TECHNOLOGY What is a FLUID? U3f - L1 FLUID TECHNOLOGY What is a FLUID? College engineering text definition: a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress of any magnitude Standard definition: a substance (as a liquid or a gas) that conforms to the outline of its container Fluid Systems have 2 things in common: They contain a fluid, either gas (pneumatics) or liquid (hydraulics) They contain a pressure difference that creates a net force

FLUID PRINCIPLES 48” x 2” = 96 cubic inches U3f - L1 FLUID PRINCIPLES Area – a surface within certain boundaries Typically 2-dimensional Volume – the amount of space an object occupies 3-dimensional Force – a push or pull Pressure – a force applied over an area Your teacher stands on this piece of wood on the floor. What is the pressure applied to the floor beneath the wood? What is the area of the portion of this piece of lumber that sits on the floor? (Convert all units to inches first) What is the total volume of this piece of lumber? (Convert all units to inches first) 48” x 2” = 96 cubic inches 4” x 12” = 48 square inches

FLUID PRINCIPLES Pressure = Force / Area F = 165 lbs. U3f - L1 FLUID PRINCIPLES Pressure is a force applied over an area. What are some typical units for pressure? Psi (pounds per square inch) Pressure = Force / Area Your teacher (weighing 165 pounds) stands on this piece of wood on the floor. What is the pressure applied to the floor beneath the wood? P = F / A P = 165 lbs / 48 in2 P = 3.44 psi F = 165 lbs. A = 48 square inches

Principles of Fluid Technology U3f - L1 Principles of Fluid Technology Create a chart for data in your notebook. Record the following experimental data. Round to nearest 10th AIR Volume (ml) Pressure (psi)

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Principles of Fluid Technology U3f - L1 Principles of Fluid Technology Graph your data Make volume the independent Make pressure the dependent Start both at zero X-axis Y-axis 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 What is the data range? Volume: 9-30 mL Pressure: 17-55 psi Pressure (psi) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Volume (mL)

Principles of Fluid Technology U3f - L1 Principles of Fluid Technology Your graph should like the graph below. What can you say about the relationship between volume and pressure? As volume increases, pressure decreases Is this a proportional or inversely proportional relationship?

Enjoy your night off from U3f - L1 HOMEWORK Enjoy your night off from Engineering homework!